摘 要:祁連山區于2017年開始關停礦山并持續進行生態修復,為了解礦山廢棄地土壤養分恢復效果并為其后續土壤治理及生態修復提供參考,分別選取煤礦、銅礦和砂石礦各1座,在各礦廢棄地修復區和周邊原地貌區分別設置樣區,測定土壤養分指標,對比分析礦山廢棄地修復區與周邊原地貌土壤養分指標的差異。結果表明:1)祁連山區煤礦、銅礦、砂石礦周邊原地貌區土壤養分狀態優于廢棄地修復區的,其中有機質、全鉀等養分含量差異顯著;2)煤礦廢棄地修復區土壤養分狀態優于銅礦和砂石礦廢棄地修復區的,其原因可能與生態修復中的人工林樹種組成不同有關;3)研究區0~20cm土層的土壤有機質、全氮等養分含量普遍高于20~40 cm土層的,存在“表聚現象”;4)在后續的植被恢復中,應根據局地地理、氣候環境條件,因地制宜選擇適宜修復區生長的鄉土優勢植物種并進行喬灌草合理配置,以提高生態修復效果。
關鍵詞:礦山廢棄地;土壤養分;生態修復;土壤治理;評價;祁連山區
中圖分類號:X171.4;X825 文獻標志碼:A doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2025.02.018
引用格式:裴佐海,譚岷山,蔡海珍,等.祁連山區礦山廢棄地土壤養分恢復效果評價[J].人民黃河,2025,47(2):119-123.
基金項目:甘肅省水利科學試驗研究及技術推廣計劃項目(甘水建管發〔2024〕78號-24GSLK001,甘水建管發〔2023〕67號-10,甘水建管發〔2022〕59號-7,甘水科外發〔2018〕70號-28)
EvaluationonofSoilNutrientRestorationEffectin AbandonedMiningLandinQilianMountains
PEIZuohai1,2,TANMinshan1,2,CAIHaizhen1,2,YANGJingwen1,2,LIJing1,2
(1.GansuInstituteofSoilandWaterConservationSciences,Lanzhou730000,China;2.GansuSoilandWaterConservationEngineeringResearchCenter,Lanzhou730000,China)
Abstract:TheQilianMountainareabegantoshutdownminesin2017andcontinuedecologicalrestoration.Inordertounderstandtheeffect ofsoilnutrientrestorationinabandonedmininglandandprovidereferenceforitssubsequentsoilmanagementandecologicalrestoration,one coalmine,onecoppermineandonegravelminewereselectedrespectively,andasampleareawassetupintherestorationareaofeacha? bandonedmininglandandthesurroundingoriginallandscapearearespectivelytodeterminethesoilnutrientindexes,andcompareandana? lyzethedifferencebetweensoilnutrientindexesoftherestorationareaofabandonedmininglandandthesurroundingoriginallandscapesoil. Theresultsshowthata)thesoilnutrientstatusoftheoriginallandscapearoundthecoal,copperandgravelminesinQilianMountainareais betterthanthatoftherestorationareaoftheabandonedland,inwhichthedifferenceinthenutrientcontentsoforganicmatterandtotalpotas? siumissignificant;b)thesoilnutrientstatusoftherestorationareaofabandonedmininglandisbetterthanthatoftherestorationareaofa? bandonedcopperandgravelminingland,thereasonmayberelatedtothedifferenttreespeciescompositioninartificialforestsduringecolog? icalrestoration;c)thesoilorganicmatter,totalnitrogenandothernutrientsinthe0-20cmsoillayeraregenerallyhigherthanthoseinthe 20-40cmsoillayerinthestudyarea,andthereisthe“phenomenonofsurfaceaggregation”;d)inthesubsequentvegetationrestoration,n? ativedominantplantspeciessuitableforgrowthintherestorationareashouldbeselectedaccordingtothelocalgeographicandclimaticenvi? ronmentalconditions,andtree,shrubandgrassshouldbereasonablyallocatedtoimprovetheecologicalrestorationeffect.
Keywords:abandonedminingland;soilnutrient;ecologicalrestoration;soilmanagement;evaluation;QilianMountain
0 引言
礦產資源是經濟社會發展的重要基礎,但礦產資源開采過程中會產生大量的廢棄地,導致土壤理化性質改變、肥力下降、植被減少、生態功能退化[1-3]。……