山東省黃河流域用水結(jié)構(gòu)演變特征及空間分布規(guī)律

摘 要：為了協(xié)調(diào)黃河流域水資源與經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展之間的關(guān)系，基于2008—2022年山東省黃河流域用水現(xiàn)狀數(shù)據(jù)，采用信息熵和均衡度、洛倫茨曲線和基尼系數(shù)等，分析山東省黃河流域用水結(jié)構(gòu)演變特征及空間分布規(guī)律。結(jié)果表明：山東省黃河流域農(nóng)業(yè)用水不再具備單一的絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)，水資源分配正向多目標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)化；信息熵和均衡度呈同步上升趨勢(shì)，表明各類用水量的分布向均勻性發(fā)展；2008—2022年山東省黃河流域農(nóng)業(yè)用水的空間均衡度明顯下降，工業(yè)用水的空間均衡度略微上升，生活用水的空間均衡狀態(tài)未出現(xiàn)較大變化，生態(tài)用水的空間均衡度明顯提升；2008—2022年山東省黃河流域農(nóng)業(yè)用水的空間分布由明顯均衡狀態(tài)變?yōu)楸容^均衡狀態(tài)，工業(yè)和生活用水的空間分布一直為比較均衡狀態(tài)，生態(tài)用水的空間分布由均衡較差狀態(tài)變?yōu)楸容^均衡狀態(tài)；德州的農(nóng)業(yè)用水量占比最高，淄博的工業(yè)用水量占比明顯超過其他區(qū)域，濟(jì)南的生活用水量占比最高且緩慢上升，2018年濟(jì)南生態(tài)用水量占比最高，德州生態(tài)用水量占比最低。

關(guān)鍵詞：用水結(jié)構(gòu)；信息熵；均衡度；洛倫茨曲線；基尼系數(shù)；山東省

中圖分類號(hào)：TV213.4 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼：A doi：10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2025.02.012

引用格式：蔣亞，李華云，焦紅波.山東省黃河流域用水結(jié)構(gòu)演變特征及空間分布規(guī)律[J].人民黃河，2025，47（2）：81-86.

基金項(xiàng)目：河南省水利科技攻關(guān)項(xiàng)目（GG202261）；河南省軟科學(xué)研究項(xiàng)目（232400411111）

EvolutionCharacteristicsandSpatialDistributionLawofWaterUseStructure intheYellowRiverBasinofShandongProvince

JIANGYa1，LIHuayun2，JIAOHongbo3

（1.NorthChinaUniversityofWaterResourcesandHydropower，Zhengzhou450046，China；2.HenanMetrologyStandardsandProductQualityInspectionandTestingCenter，Zhengzhou450000，China；3.ZhengzhouInstituteofEngineeringandTechnology，Zhengzhou450044，China）

Abstract：InordertocoordinatetherelationshipbetweenwaterresourcesandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentintheYellowRiverBasin，basedonthecurrentwaterconsumptiondataoftheYellowRiverBasininShandongProvincefrom2008to2022，theevolutioncharacteristics andspatialdistributionlawofwaterconsumptionstructureintheYellowRiverBasininShandongProvincewereanalyzedbyusingthemeth？ odsofinformationentropyandequilibriumdegree，LorenzcurveandGinicoefficient.Theresultsshowthattheagriculturalwateruseinthe YellowRiverBasininShandongProvincenolongerhasasingleabsoluteadvantage，andthewaterresourcesallocationistransforminginto multi？objective.Theinformationentropyandequilibriumdegreeshowasynchronousupwardtrend，indicatingthatthedistributionofvarious typesofwaterconsumptionisdevelopingtowardsuniformity.From2008to2022，thespatialequilibriumdegreeofagriculturalwaterusein theYellowRiverBasinofShandongProvinceisisdecreasedobviously，thespatialequilibriumdegreeofindustrialwateruseisincreased slightly，thespatialequilibriumstateofdomesticwaterusedoesnotchangegreatly，andthespatialequilibriumdegreeofecologicalwateruse isincreasedobviously.From2008to2022，thespatialdistributionofagriculturalwateruseintheYellowRiverBasininShandongProvince changsfromanobviousequilibriumstatetoarelativelybalancedstate，whilethespatialdistributionofindustrialanddomesticwaterusehas alwaysbeenrelativelybalanced，andthespatialdistributionofecologicalwaterusehaschangedfromapoorequilibriumstatetoarelatively balancedstate.TheproportionofagriculturalwaterinDezhouisthehighest，theproportionofindustrialwaterinZiboisobviouslyhigherthan thatinotherregions，andtheproportionofdomesticwaterinJinanisthehighestandslowlyrising.In2018，theproportionofecologicalwater inJinanisthehighest，andtheproportionofecologicalwateristhelowestinDezhou.

Keywords：waterusestructure；informationentropy；balancedegree；Lorenzcurve；Ginicoefficient；ShandongProvince

0 引言

水資源是人們賴以生存的基本自然資源，也是維持生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的決定性要素[1]。我國人均水資源量嚴(yán)重不足，僅為世界平均水平的1/4，同時(shí)面臨水資源時(shí)空分布不均衡、利用效率低等問題[2]，水資源短缺嚴(yán)重影響我國經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。……