摘 要:南水北調(diào)西線工程是緩解黃河中上游地區(qū)水資源短缺的重要舉措,但全球氣候變化影響水源區(qū)的水資源供給和分配,目前對水源區(qū)氣象特征缺乏整體的認知,其內(nèi)部氣象變化的時空差異和敏感性也需進一步闡明。因此,基于1961—2020年逐日氣象數(shù)據(jù)對水源區(qū)降水和氣溫進行趨勢、突變和相關(guān)性分析。結(jié)果表明:從變化趨勢來看,水源區(qū)氣象要素對全球氣候變化響應(yīng)敏感,降水量以16.14mm/10a的速度顯著增加,接近我國平均速度的3倍;氣溫上升速度為0.26℃/10a,與全國平均速度持平。從時空分布來看,水源區(qū)多年平均降水量由東南向西北遞減,年內(nèi)分布變差系數(shù)為0.91,降水主要集中在6—9月,占全年的72%;多年平均氣溫為3.62℃,呈現(xiàn)由北向南遞增的趨勢,年內(nèi)氣溫介于-16.7與16.4℃之間。同時,水源區(qū)內(nèi)部氣候敏感性存在差異,降水變化敏感區(qū)為水源區(qū)靠近兩河口和雙江口區(qū)域,清水河、石渠和色達為氣溫變化敏感站;敏感站之間存在較強的相關(guān)性,其氣象條件可能同時劇變,配水策略應(yīng)避免風(fēng)險疊加。
關(guān)鍵詞:變化趨勢;時空分布特征;變化敏感區(qū);相關(guān)性分析;南水北調(diào)西線工程
中圖分類號:P467 文獻標志碼:A doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2025.02.007
引用格式:王聰,陳旻,張陵蕾,等.南水北調(diào)西線工程水源區(qū)氣象條件分析[J].人民黃河,2025,47(2):42-50,73.
基金項目:國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2022YFC3202403,2022YFC3202402);四川省自然科學(xué)基金資助項目(2023NSFSC0285)
AnalysisofMeteorologicalConditionsattheWaterSourceAreaofthe South?to?NorthWaterDiversionWestRouteProject
WANGCong,CHENMin,ZHANGLinglei,LIJia,ANRuidong,LIYong
(StateKeyLaboratoryofHydraulicsandMountainRiverEngineering,SichuanUniversity,Chengdu610065,China)
Abstract:TheSouth?to?NorthWaterDiversionProject?sWesternRouteisacrucialmeasuretoalleviatewatershortagesintheupperand middlereachesoftheYellowRiver.However,globalclimatechangehasaffectedthewatersupplyanddistributioninthesourceareascur? rently,thereisalackofcomprehensiveunderstandingofthemeteorologicalcharacteristicsoftheseareas,andfurtherclarificationisneeded onthespatialandtemporaldifferencesandsensitivitiesofinternalmeteorologicalchanges.Therefore,thisstudyanalyzedthetrends,abrupt changes,andcorrelationsofprecipitationandtemperatureinthesourceareasisbasedondailymeteorologicaldatafrom1961to2020.The resultsshowthatthemeteorologicalconditionsinthesourceareasrespondsensitivelytoglobalclimatechange.Precipitationhassignificantly increasedatarateof16.14mm/decade,nearlythreetimesthenationalaverage.Thetemperaturehasrisenatarateof0.26℃/decade,con? sistentwiththenationalaveragerate.Intermsofspatialandtemporaldistribution,theaverageannualprecipitationinthesourceareasde? creasedfromsoutheasttonorthwest.Theannualvariabilitycoefficientofprecipitationis0.91,with72%oftheprecipitationconcentratedbe? tweenJuneandSeptember.Theaverageannualtemperatureis3.62℃,increasingfromnorthtosouth,withtemperaturesrangingfrom-16.7℃to 16.4℃throughouttheyear.Moreover,therearedifferencesinclimatesensitivitywithinthesourceareas.Thesensitiveareasforprecipitation changesarenearLianghekouandShuangjiangkou,whileQingshuiRiver,Shiqu,andSedaaresensitivesitesfortemperaturechanges.There isastrongcorrelationbetweenthesesensitivesites,indicatingthattheirmeteorologicalconditionsmightchangeabruptlysimultaneously,ne? cessitatingtheavoidanceofriskaccumulationinwaterdistributionstrategies.
Keywords:trendchanges;spatiotemporaldistributioncharacteristics;sensitivitytochangezones;correlationanalysis;South?to?NorthWa? terDiversionProject?swesternroute
0 引言
IPCC第六次評估報告指出,全球地表溫度將持續(xù)升高,世界各個區(qū)域均面臨前所未有的氣候系統(tǒng)變化[1]。其中降水和溫度與各種自然災(zāi)害的發(fā)生密切相關(guān),是氣候變化最基本、最直接的要素[2]。……