摘 要:小浪底水庫是控制黃河水沙的關鍵工程,研究其排沙規律及調控指標對于長期保持有效庫容具有重要意義。采用實測資料分析的方法,結合調水調沙調度實踐,選取2010—2023年34場小浪底水庫排沙過程,分析水庫排沙規律及其影響因素,提出利于水庫減淤的調控指標。結果表明:汛前調水調沙期,水庫排沙以三門峽水庫泄放大流量清水產生的沿程沖刷為主,排沙量與入庫水量成正相關線性關系,與小浪底水庫蓄水量成負相關線性關系;汛期調水調沙期,水庫排沙比與水庫壅水程度及入出庫流量比值的乘積成負相關冪函數關系;建立了汛前調水調沙期排沙量及汛期調水調沙期排沙比的定量表達式,提出汛前、汛期調水調沙期水庫可分別降低并維持庫水位在215、223m,全年排沙比可達125%。
關鍵詞:排沙量;排沙比;調水調沙;小浪底水庫
中圖分類號:TV62;TV882.1 文獻標志碼:A doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2025.02.006
引用格式:陳翠霞,趙東曉,王振凡,等.小浪底水庫排沙規律及調控指標[J].人民黃河,2025,47(2):36-41.
基金項目:國家重點研發計劃項目(2023YFC3208603,2022YFC3080300);國家自然科學基金資助項目(U2243237,U22A20237);水利部重大科技項目(SKS-2022088)
SedimentDischargeLawandRegulationIndicatorsoftheXiaolangdiReservoir
CHENCuixia1,2,ZHAODongxiao3,WANGZhenfan3,ZHUChenghao1,2,CUIXin1,2
(1.YellowRiverEngineeringConsultingCo.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou450003,China;2.KeyLaboratoryofWaterManagementand WaterSecurityforYellowRiverBasin,MinistryofWaterResources(UnderConstruction),Zhengzhou450003,China;3.YellowRiverHydropowerDevelopmentCorporation,Jiyuan454681,China)
Abstract:TheXiaolangdiReservoirisakeyprojectforcontrollingwaterandsedimentoftheYellowRiver.Studyingitssedimentdischarge lawandregulationindicatorsisofgreatsignificanceformaintainingeffectivestoragecapacityinthelongterm.Basedontheanalysisofmeas? ureddataandthepracticeofwaterandsedimentregulation,34sedimentdischargeprocessesintheXiaolangdiReservoirfrom2010to2023 wereselected,andthereservoirsedimentdischargelawanditsinfluencingfactorswereanalyzed,inthemeantimetheregulationindicators whichwereusefultoreducingreservoirsiltwereproposed.Theresultsshowthat,duringwaterandsedimentregulationinpre?floodseason,sedimentdischargeismainlycausedbyflushingofclearwaterdischargedbytheSanmenxiaReservoir.Thesedimentdischargeamountispos? itivelylinearcorrelatedwiththeinflowvolumeandnegativelylinearcorrelatedwiththestoragevolumeoftheXiaolangdiReservoir.During waterandsedimentregulationinfloodseason,thesedimentdischargeratioisnegativelycorrelatedwiththedegreeofreservoirdammingand theratioofinflowandoutflowflow,whichisapowerfunctionrelationship.Thequantitativeexpressionsofsedimentdischargeamountduring waterandsedimentregulationinpre?floodseasonandsedimentdischargeratioduringwaterandsedimentregulationinfloodseasonareestab? lished,andthewaterlevelofthereservoircanbereducedandthenmaintainedto215mand223mrespectivelyduringwaterandsediment regulationinpre?floodandfloodseasonareproposed,inwhichtheannualsedimentdischargeratiocanreach125%.
Keywords:sedimentdischargeamount;sedimentdischargeratio;waterandsedimentregulation;XiaolangdiReservoir
0 引言
水庫是現代社會的重要基礎設施,在防洪、減淤、供水、灌溉、發電、生態改善等方面發揮著重要作用[1-3]。泥沙淤積是水庫運行難以避免的問題[4-5],水庫蓄水導致庫水位抬高、流速減緩,水流中挾帶的泥沙進入庫區后易落淤,造成庫容損失,嚴重時會導致水庫功能受損[6-7],這種情況在輸沙量大、含沙量高的多沙河流水庫尤為突出[8]。……