摘 要:習近平總書記在黃河流域生態保護和高質量發展座談會提出“要堅持以水定城、以水定地、以水定人、以水定產”。為給甘肅省、黃河流域乃至北方缺水地區的生態保護和高質量發展,以及貫徹落實“四水四定”提供理論指導和參考,以甘肅省黃河流域為北方缺水地區代表,分析了存在的主要水問題,以及面臨的新形勢和所處的戰略地位,剖析了甘肅省黃河流域水資源管理的現狀,提出了新形勢下甘肅省黃河流域“四水四定”創新管理的戰略對策,包括開展頂層設計、強化水資源剛性約束、推進關鍵技術研發和工程建設、建立健全管理體制和機制,以及推進開展試點建設等。北方缺水地區實施“四水四定”的核心在于要把水資源作為剛性約束,優化生態、能源和糧食發展格局,建立與水資源條件相協調的人口、城市、灌溉和產業發展規模,提升水與“城-地-人-產”的適配性,從根本上促進人水和諧發展。
關鍵詞:黃河流域;甘肅省;剛性約束;體制創新;管理機制;北方缺水地區
中圖分類號:TV62;TV882.1 文獻標志碼:A doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2025.02.001
引用格式:王浩,周祖昊,褚俊英,等.北方缺水地區“四水四定”創新管理戰略研究[J].人民黃河,2025,47(2):1-7.
基金項目:中國工程院甘肅研究院咨詢項目(GS2022ZDI02);水利部重大科技項目(SKS-2022070)
InnovativeManagementStrategyof“DefiningCity,Land,Populationand ProductionbyWater”inWater?ScarceAreasofNorthernChina
WANGHao1,ZHOUZuhao1,CHUJunying1,WANGHualan2,XIONGWei3,ZHOUTianhong2,ZUOYun3,ZHANGXusheng3,MAKai2,MAMingyue1,DENGQuancheng3
(1.StateKeyLaboratoryofSimulationandRegulationofRiverBasinWaterCycle,ChinaInstituteofWaterResourcesHydropowerResearch,Beijing100044,China;2.SchoolofEnvironmentalandMunicipalEngineering,LanzhouJiaoTongUniversity,Lanzhou730070,China;3.GansuProvincialWaterResourcesandHydropowerSurveyandDesignInstituteCo.,Ltd.,Lanzhou730000,China)
Abstract:GeneralSecretaryXiJinpingproposedtoadheretotheprincipleof“definingcity,land,populationandproductionbywater”(re? ferredtoas“FourWatersandFourDeterminations”),atthesymposiumonecologicalprotectionandhigh?qualitydevelopmentintheYellow RiverBasininChina.Inordertoprovidetheoreticalguidanceandreferenceforecologicalprotectionandhigh?qualitydevelopmentinGansu Province,theYellowRiverBasin,andeventhewater?scarceareasinthenorthernChina,aswellastoimplementthe“FourWatersand FourDeterminations”policy,takingtheYellowRiverBasininGansuProvinceasarepresentativeofwater?scarceareasinnorthernChina,thispaperanalyzedthecharacteristicsandmainwaterissuesoftheregion,aswellasthenewsituationandstrategicpositionitfaced.The currentsituationofwaterresourcesmanagementintheYellowRiverBasininGansuProvincewasanalyzed,andstrategiccountermeasuresfor innovativemanagementofthe“FourWatersandFourDeterminations”policyintheYellowRiverBasinofGansuProvinceunderthenewsit? uationwereproposed,includingcarryingouttop?leveldesign,strengtheningrigidconstraintsonwaterresources,promotingkeytechnology researchanddevelopmentandengineeringconstruction,establishingasoundmanagementsystemandmechanism,andpromotingpilotpro? jects.Thecoreofimplementingthe“FourWatersandFourDeterminations”inwater?scarceareasofnorthernChinaistousewaterresources asarigidconstraint,optimizethedevelopmentpatternofecology,energyandfood,makethescaleofpopulation,urban,irrigation,andin? dustrialdevelopmentcoordinatedwithwaterresourcesconditions,enhancethecompatibilityofwaterwithcity,land,populationandproduc? tiondevelopment,andfundamentallypromotetheharmoniousdevelopmentofhumanandwaterresources.
Keywords:YellowRiverBasin;GansuProvince;rigidconstraint;institutionalinnovation;managementmechanism;northernwater? scarceareas
0 引言
2019年9月,習近平總書記主持召開黃河流域生態保護和高質量發展座談會,明確提出“要堅持以水定城、以水定地、以水定人、以水定產”(簡稱“四水四定”),“把水資源作為最大的剛性約束,合理規劃人口、城市和產業發展,堅決抑制不合理用水需求,大力發展節水產業和技術,大力推進農業節水,實施全社會節水行動,推動用水方式由粗放向節約集約轉變”[1],對新時期我國水資源保護利用提出了新要求?!?br>