層層梳理，巧解七選五

一、題型分析

七選五作為高考的一個重要題型，125分的分值，足以說明它在高考試卷中的重要性。七選五要求考生根據文章結構和內容，選出正確的句子，使補足后的短文意思通順、前后連貫、結構完整。《考試說明》對該題型命題的目的表述為“主要考查考生對文章的整體內容和結構以及上下文的邏輯意義的理解和掌握”。七個選項中，個別選項間的區分度不大，干擾性強，這就增加了解題的難度。考生往往選錯了一題，就有可能造成連帶效應，出現幾個錯誤。這也是平時考生害怕做七選五的原因之一。下面以2024年高考全國Ⅰ卷七選五為例，通過層層梳理去助力考生巧解七選五。

二、層層梳理

（一）梳理設空位置特征

七選五設空的位置可以是大標題、小標題、段首、段中和段尾。設空的位置不同，它們的作用也就不一樣。我們可以通過梳理設空位置的特征去輔助我們做題。

1.大標題 短小精悍，明確文章的基本話題

2.小標題 短小精悍，結構一致

3.段首" 概括文段，與小標題相呼應

4.段中" 承上啟下

5.段尾" 總結，承上啟下

（二）梳理解題步驟

1.看選項，劃出關鍵詞。

2.瀏覽標題或首段及段落首句，分析設空位置。

3.結合設空位置特點，研讀設空前后句，分析邏輯，結合選項關鍵詞，匹配最佳選答案。

瀏覽標題（沒有標題就首段）及段落首句，有助于我們抓住文章的主題。另外在這里，我要強調的是，本文所說的關鍵詞，不是指某篇文章里高頻出現的詞，而是指那些放到任何一篇七選五里面都適用的代詞、邏輯關系詞、某些有固定用法的詞、以及一些固定結構等。找出這些關鍵詞，對提高做題正確率和節省做題時間都大有幫助。例如，如果選項里面有代詞，那就意味著我們必然只能往上面去找這個代詞所指代的內容。如果選項里有邏輯關系詞，那我們就可以通過分析前后句之間的邏輯關系去判斷這個選項是否正確等等。

關鍵詞舉例功能

代詞this，that，these，those，it，he，she，they，them…指代上文某個詞、短語或句子

邏輯

關系詞however，but，so，thus，and，therefore，since，also，as well，while，instead，…有助于判斷邏輯關系

固定用法的詞 Here/There are some…，The following…，…are as follows．引出下文

固定結構one…another/ the other，

some…（some…）others…，

first…second…third…finally，

first of all…next …and then…finally，…表舉例或

順序

（三）梳理解題技巧

解題技巧：

重點閱讀前后句，弄清指代和邏輯。

有詞重復重點看，先做標題首中尾。

★注意：

有詞重復，也就是我們平時說的復現。復現一般有原詞復現、同義詞復現、同結構復現（相同句型結構等）、反義詞復現、同疇詞復現（fruit：apple，orange，banana…）同構詞復現（fall-fell （不同時態），act-action（不同詞性），police-policeman（相同詞根）等。

需要特別指出的是，詞語復現是七選五的一個重要的解題技巧，但這并不意味著凡是有復現詞的選項就是正確的選項，只能說它的可能性更大。因此在解題過程中，我們要重點研究或優先考慮這個選項。是否為正確選項，還要將該選項代入原文，看與上下文能否銜接。

三、實例分析

原題呈現（2024年高考全國Ⅰ卷）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published，it’s vital to submit a perfect，professionally presented manuscript （原稿）. 36" No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly．

I keep two reference books close-by on my desk： dictionary and thesaurus（同義詞詞典）.I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker. 37"" Of course，these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses，but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus．

38"" It should give you a precise definition of each word，thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar，but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced．

In addition，I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary，picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course，with its 2672 pages，it’s not exactly short. It contains around 163000 words，plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases.39"" However，if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage，there’s nothing better．

For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel John son’s Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. “To make dictionaries is dull （乏味 ） work，” wrote Johnson，illustrating one definition of “dull”. 40"" A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience．

A. I don’t often use this dictionary．

B. It takes no account of the context．

C. But I still don’t want to replace them．

D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read．

E. Of course，a dictionary is not only for spelling．

F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes．

G. Dictionaries don’t always give you enough information．

按照上面的梳理內容，讓我們一步步剖析這份題：

（一）劃出選項中的關鍵詞。（劃線部分）：

A. I don’t often use this dictionary. （代詞）

B. It takes no account of the context. （代詞）

C. But I" still don’t want to replace them. （邏輯詞，代詞）

D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.（邏輯詞）

E. Of course，a dictionary is not only for spelling.（邏輯詞）

F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.（代詞）

G. Dictionaries don’t always give you enough information．

（二）瀏覽標題或首段及段落首句，分析設空位置

瀏覽了首段之后，明確了文章的話題是和拼寫有關。本文設空的位置段首有一題，其余四題均位于段中。根據“先做標題首中尾”這一句，讓我們先完成38題。

38" It should give you a precise definition of each word，thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar，but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced．

38題位于段首，它的作用是“概括文段，與小標題相呼應”。根據下文“It should give you a precise definition of each word”以及“It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.”可以推出這段講的是it的作用。縱觀七個選項只有E項符合。設空位置后的it指的就是E選項里的a dictionary。

處理完最簡單的一題后，剩下的我們按順序處理。這一份題設空的位置比較集中，都在段中。瀏覽完文章之后，我們可以根據設空位置特征及解題技巧中的“重點閱讀前后句，弄清指代和邏輯。”這兩句話去完成這一份題。

Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published，it’s vital to submit a perfect，professionally presented manuscript （原稿）. 36" No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly．

36題設空前一句是“If you want to be published，it’s vital to submit a perfect，professionally presented manuscript （原稿）.”核心部分是“a perfect，professionally presented manuscript”那何謂“a perfect，professionally presented manuscript”呢？答案就是“That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.”所以選F。選項中的That 指代的是“a perfect，professionally presented manuscript”。

I keep two reference books close-by on my desk： dictionary and thesaurus（同義詞詞典）.I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker. 37" Of course，these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses，but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus．

37題設空前一句是“I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker. ”（我不相信我筆記本電腦的拼寫檢查器。）但后面又說“Of course，these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses，but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.”（當然，現在有很多在線詞典和同義詞庫，但我是一個守舊的人，更喜歡精裝的書和能用手指翻閱的書頁。）可以推知，設空句承接上文，說明不喜歡電腦拼寫檢查器的原因：It takes no account of the context. （它不考慮上下文。）It指代的是my laptop’s spellchecker，所以選B．

In addition，I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary，picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course，with its 2672 pages，it’s not exactly short. It contains around 163000 words，plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases.39"" However，if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage，there’s nothing better．

39題根據段首中心句“In addition，I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary，”及瀏覽下文可知本段主要介紹“Dictionary”。結合“有詞重復重點看”這一技巧，只剩下A、D和G 這三個選項進行篩選了。再根據前后句However，if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage，there’s nothing better.（然而，如果我需要檢查一個單詞的來源或查找其用法的例子，沒有什么比這更好的了。）結合兩者的邏輯關系，這題很明顯選A。

For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel John son’s Dictionary of the English Language published in1755. “To make dictionaries is dull （乏味 ） work，” wrote Johnson，illustrating one definition of “dull”. 40"" A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience．

40題設空前一句是“‘To make dictionaries is dull （乏味 ） work，’ wrote Johnson，illustrating one definition of ‘dull’.”（約翰遜在解釋“dull”的一個定義時寫道：“編字典是件乏味的工作。”）但后面又說到“ A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.”（花幾分鐘的時間瀏覽一兩頁是一種有意義的體驗。）故D選項D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. （但是一本字典讀起來是一種樂趣。）與上文形成轉折的關系，符合語境。另外，這里的“casting your eye”和D選項的“read” 是同義詞復現，所以選D。

七選五是一道看似簡單，但做起來又相當復雜的題型。這套方法通過化繁為簡，提高了考生做七選五的興趣。只要多加練習，熟練地掌握了方法之后，可以提升做題速度。

練習：

As a parent， you want your kids to do their best in school. You already know plenty of sleep， healthy food and some school supplies are necessary. However， what else do children need to be successful without a professional homework helper？" 1

Avoid delaying tasks.

One mistake students usually make is postponing unpleasant work and deliberately looking for distraction. Teach your children that the workload isn’t going to get smaller if they wait longer.

2

Break projects down.

Many children get stressed out when they have big assignments due." 3" Often people get frightened by the difficulty of tasks without understanding that the large task is actually just made up of smaller ones. Another solution is to use a project proposal to help keep them on track with homework and projects.

4

There are a growing number of online references and homework resources. Not only will your children be better prepared for class the next day， but they’ll also learn a valuable lesson about how to research and find information online. From them you can also find ideas for educational activities that you can do with your children.

Keep it ordered.

5"" Hence， have your kids keep ahead of their homework with an organized system. For example， they could use a scheduling application like Asana or Trello to manage projects with arranged dates， or they might stick to an old-fashioned pen and a paper planner. See what works best for them and go from there.

A. Get help online.

B. Focus on homework.

C. Online learning is becoming more and more popular.

D. Teach them to break larger projects into smaller pieces.

E. Organization is the key to success， because it can maximize efficiency.

F. Here are some tips from professionals for helping your children with it.

G. Instead， it will only become larger and seem more difficult to get started.

參考答案：1. F 2. G 3. D 4. A 5. E

【作者簡介：羅定實驗中學高中英語一級教師，從教18年，有多年的畢業班教學工作經驗。分別參與了2017年5月的羅定市課題《采用現代信息技術優化英語教學的方法研究》和2020年5月的云浮巿級課題《基于高中英語學科核心素養視覺下課堂生態建設的研究》】

責任編輯 吳昊雷