考慮碳排放與氮排放的中國沿海主要港口效率測度研究

摘 要：港口作為國際運輸的樞紐和對外經貿的支撐點，參與經濟腹地資源要素分配。港口物流通過其輻射作用對相關產業產生強大的凝聚效應和拉動效應。然而，“雙碳”背景下，要求傳統港口運作模式向低污染、低能耗、可持續發展模式轉變。文章采用基于非期望產出的Super-SBM模型與Global-Malmquist-Luenberger指數模型對2012—2021年中國沿海24個港口效率進行測度研究。研究結果表明：中國沿海主要港口的靜態效率存在明顯差異，港口效率都有不同程度的提高，但大多數效率低于1，仍有改善空間；沿海港口動態效率呈現“W”型的波動增長趨勢；港口技術效率變動指數受資源配置及技術進步影響實現正增長。港口技術進步變動指數有明顯改善，對提升整體效率作用顯著。

關鍵詞：沿海港口；GML指數；非期望Super-SBM模型；效率

中圖分類號：F552.3；U691 文獻標志碼：A DOI：10.13714/j.cnki.1002-3100.2024.14.013

文章編號：1002-3100（2024）14-0064-05

Efficiency Measurement of Major Coastal Ports in China Considering Carbon and Nitrogen Emissionns

XUE Qi，ZHAO Na （School of Logistics and E-Commerce， Zhejiang Wanli University， Ningbo 315100， China）

Abstract： As the hub of international transportation and the support point of foreign trade and economy， ports participate in the allocation of economic hinterland resources. Port logistics has strong cohesion effect and pull effect on related industries through its radiation effect. However， under the background of \"double carbon\"， the traditional port operation mode is required to change to the mode of low pollution， low energy consumption and sustainable development. This paper use the Super-SBM model based on non-expected output and the Global-Malmquist-Luenberger index model to measure the efficiency of 24 coastal ports in China from 2012 to 2021. The results show that there are obvious differences in the static efficiency of major coastal ports in China， and the port efficiency has been improved to different degrees， but most of the efficiency is lower than 1， and there is still room for improvement， that the dynamic efficiency of coastal ports presents a \"W\" -shaped fluctuating growth trend， and that the change index of port technical efficiency is affected by resource allocation and technological progress to achieve positive growth. The change index of port technological progress has been significantly improved， which has a significant effect on the overall efficiency.

Key words： coastal ports; GML index; undesirable Super-SBM model; efficiency

0 引 言

在2030年前實現“碳達峰”、2060年前實現“碳中和”是我國經過深思熟慮提出的重大戰略決策，而交通運輸業是社會主要碳源之一[1]，應當為國家實現“雙碳”目標做出應有貢獻。港口是其中與碳議題高度相關的行業，具有全球連通和聯動性的特點，并且船舶氮氧化合物排放量高。因此，對碳議題及氮氧化物排放的及時思考與策略制定尤為重要。根據相關統計數據，2022年中國港口貨物吞吐量高達156.8億噸，集裝箱吞吐量達到2.96億TEU，且呈現穩定增長的趨勢，港口貨運的能源消耗在整個交通運輸業中占有較大比重[2]。因此，統籌協調港口業的減碳和經濟發展工作，對實現港口行業高質量發展具有重要意義。……