基于興趣度匹配的應急物資采購策略研究

摘 要：在物流運輸環境異常、跨區域運力不足的情況下，傳統應急物流中以生存為第一要義的物資采購策略難以同時滿足交付的個性化需求和時效性要求。文章中提出了一種基于興趣度匹配的應急物資采購策略，將本地庫存貨物的興趣度設定為二維向量，通過分析貨物新鮮度，采購價格，運輸代價及時間等影響因子得到預計時間興趣度與預計代價興趣度的計算方法，并利用BP神經網絡進行興趣度的融合，最終按照興趣偏轉量和對應的匹配原則為采購方選出最佳物資。實驗結果表明了興趣度算法的有效性和采購策略的可行性。

關鍵詞：物流工程；應急供應鏈；物資采購；興趣匹配

中圖分類號：F253.4；U116.1 文獻標志碼：A DOI：10.13714/j.cnki.1002-3100.2024.14.006

文章編號：1002-3100（2024）14-0028-05

Research on Emergency Material Procurement Strategy Based on Interest Matching

（1. School of Modern Posts and Institute of Modern Posts， Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications， Nanjing 210003， China; 2. Yuantong Express Co.， Ltd.， Shanghai 201705， China; 3. Research and Development Center of Post Industry Technology of the State Posts Bureau （Internet of Things Technology）， Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications， Nanjing 210003， China）

Abstract： In the case of abnormal logistics transportation environment and insufficient cross regional transportation capacity， the traditional emergency logistics material procurement strategy that prioritizes survival is difficult to meet both personalized delivery needs and timeliness requirements. The article proposes an emergency material procurement strategy based on interest matching， which sets the interest of local inventory goods as a two-dimensional vector. By analyzing factors such as freshness of goods， purchase price， transportation cost， and time， the calculation method of expected time interest and expected cost interest is obtained. BP neural network is used to fuse the interest. Finally， the best materials are selected for the purchaser based on the deviation of interest and corresponding matching principles. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the interest algorithm and the feasibility of the procurement strategy.

Key words： logistics engineering; emergency supply chain; material procurement; interest matching

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0 引 言

研究發現，應急物資采購在應急救災中扮演著至關重要的角色，不僅可以保障救援工作順利進行，還能穩定受災群眾的情緒[1]。因此采用科學、合理的應急物資采購策略，可以確保受災區域在最短時間內獲得所需的物資，提高救援效率。

例如在突發公共衛生事件、暴雪暴雨等災害的背景下，物流運輸崗位容易發生減員，區域間物流運輸帶寬迅速減小，從而導致物資運輸配送不通暢，這種不通暢一般反映在跨區域的運力難以實現。應急物資在傳統的采購策略下，發貨點和收貨點可能處在不同的區域內，采購到收貨的過程中有較多的風險因素需要考慮，例如跨區域運力不足、物資保質期緊張、物資品類單一、采購價格浮動等，難以同時滿足應急物資交付的個性化需求與時效性要求。……