訂單農業供應鏈中區塊鏈技術投入的演化分析

摘" 要：“農戶+公司”型訂單農業是我國農業供應鏈的重要模式，為提高訂單農業模式中農產品質量安全的可追溯性，搭建了引入區塊鏈技術的訂單農業框架。構建了農戶、公司和政府的三方演化博弈模型，對各主體博弈行為及演化穩定策略進行分析，進一步討論了不同場景下基于區塊鏈技術的供應鏈成員最優追溯策略。研究發現：在區塊鏈技術投入的三個階段中，農戶和公司的演化穩定策略行為受可追溯成本、搭便車行為和政府獎懲影響發生變化；政府應通過建立有效的獎懲機制，鼓勵訂單農業供應鏈主體建立區塊鏈可追溯平臺，并創建一個透明高效的數據驅動農產品供應鏈。對加快實施基于區塊鏈的可追溯系統，推動可持續農業供應鏈發展具有一定啟示。

" 關鍵詞：訂單農業；農業供應鏈；區塊鏈；演化博弈

中圖分類號：F274" " 文獻標志碼：A

DOI：10.13714/j.cnki.1002-3100.2024.15.031

Abstract： \"Farmer+company\" type order agriculture is an important model of China's agricultural supply chain， in order to improve the quality， safety and traceability of agricultural products in the order agriculture model， an order agriculture framework introducing blockchain technology has been built. A tripartite evolutionary game model of farmers， companies and governments is constructed， the game behavior and evolutionary stability strategies of each subject are analyzed， and the optimal traceability strategies of supply chain members based on blockchain technology in different scenarios are further discussed. It is found that in the three stages of blockchain technology investment， the evolutionary stability strategy behavior of farmers and companies is affected by traceable costs， free rider behavior， and government rewards and punishments. The government should encourage order-based agricultural supply chain entities to establish a blockchain traceability platform by establishing an effective reward and punishment mechanism， and create a transparent and efficient data-driven agricultural product supply chain. It has certain implications for accelerating the implementation of blockchain-based traceability systems and promoting the development of sustainable agricultural supply chains.

Key words： order agriculture; agricultural supply chains; blockchain; evolutionary games

隨著農業產業化的發展，訂單農業受到國家政府的高度重視。目前最為普遍的經營模式是“農戶+公司”型模式，訂單農業以市場為導向，按需組織農戶生產，降低供應鏈風險，促進農戶產量和利潤。技術的革新和發展能夠很好地解決訂單農業中農產品保鮮方式不當、農藥污染和生產信息欺詐等一系列問題。采用區塊鏈技術進行實時信息共享，能夠充分提高消費者對農產品的信任度。區塊鏈的可追溯系統能夠將農產品從初始生產到運輸和加工的每一個操作步驟記錄到系統中，進行及時的識別。……