基于物流無人機的應急食物倉配發一體化模型

摘" 要：食物應急物流是指為應對突發事件而組織的滿足受災民眾飲食需求的特殊物流保障過程。文章以食物應急物流的需求分析為出發點，將物流無人機和倉配發一體化引入食物應急物流中。以政府、軍隊、企業、慈善機構等組織為主體，以事先儲備與演練、事后配送與派發等活動為過程，以軍民深度融合為機制，以物流無人機為手段，以無人機通航物流、低空空域管控和軍民融合物流為平臺，構建了基于物流無人機的應急食物倉配發一體化模型。目的是提高食物應急物流的效率，為我國突發事件下的食物應急物流提供理論基礎和政策建議。

" 關鍵詞：物流無人機；食物應急物流；軍民融合；倉配發一體化

" 中圖分類號：F253.19" " 文獻標志碼：A" " DOI：10.13714/j.cnki.1002-3100.2024.15.006

Abstract： Food emergency distribution refers to a special logistics process organized to meet the food needs of the affected people in response to emergencies. Based on the demand analysis of food emergency distribution， this paper introduces the integration of UAV logistics and warehouse distribution into food emergency distribution. Taking the government， army， enterprises， charities and other organizations as the main body， taking the activities of pre-storage and exercise， post-distribution and distribution as the process， taking the deep integration of military and civilian as the mechanism， taking the UAV logistics as the means， taking the UAV navigation logistics， low-altitude airspace control and military-civilian integration logistics as the platform， the framework model of food emergency distribution based on UAV logistics is constructed. The purpose is to improve the efficiency of food emergency distribution， and provide theoretical basis and policy suggestions for food emergency distribution under emergencies in China.

Key words： logistics drones; food emergency logistics; civil-military integration; integration of warehousing and distribution

0" 引" 言

" 21世紀以來，全國性突發公共事件頻發，給人們的生產生活造成了巨大的影響。高效的應急物流是減少災害損失，保障人們基本生活需求的關鍵要素。食物作為維持生命活動的基礎，其物流活動是應急物流的重中之重。2020年新冠肺炎疫情雖然并未對中國食物供應造成大的影響，但是由于隔離和邊境關閉，市場、供應鏈和貿易受到波及。食物物流渠道可能因運輸中斷和更加嚴格的檢疫措施而受阻[1]。應急物流對于保障突發事件下的食物供應至關重要，是未來發展的重點。

" 近年來，應急物流問題得到國內外學者的廣泛關注。Kemball-Cook et al[2]率先研究了索馬里難民救助中的食物運送問題，指出物流的重要性及其運作的關鍵要素，堪稱突發事件下物流保障糧食供應的拓荒之作。……