紫云英與油菜混播還田對湘南稻田的影響

摘要 為探究湘南地區稻田中紫云英與油菜混播對后茬水稻產量以及土壤養分的影響，本試驗設置6個處理，分別為冬閑（CK）、單播紫云英（LF01）、單播油菜（LF02）和紫云英油菜混播（LF03—LF05），對比分析各處理組綠肥生物量、后茬水稻產量及土壤理化性狀等。結果表明，紫云英與油菜混播處理的綠肥生物量明顯高于單播處理，其中紫云英播種量22.5 kg/hm2，油菜播種量3.0 kg/hm2（LF04）時效果最佳，較紫云英單播和油菜單播分別增加120.9%和39.3%；同時LF04處理較CK處理后茬水稻產量增加17.5%；土壤中有機質、堿解氮、有效磷和速效鉀含量分別提升了9.6%、8.1%、7.5%和9.6%。在湘南地區，相比紫云英、油菜單獨播種，紫云英與油菜混播能夠有效提高后茬水稻產量、改善土壤肥力，是一種有效的種植模式，適宜在該地區推廣。

關鍵詞 紫云英；油菜；混播；水稻產量；土壤肥力

中圖分類號 S51；S55" " 文獻標識碼 A" "文章編號 1007-7731（2024）14-0018-04

DOI號 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2024.14.004

Impact of mixed sowing of Astragalus sinicus and rapeseed on rice fields

in southern Hunan Province

KUANG Zhiming" " XIE Yuhua" " WANG Xiaohui" " XIE Feiyan" " GU Yajuan" " WEN Minghui

（Leiyang Agriculture and Rural Bureau， Leiyang 421800， China）

Abstract In order to explore the effects of mixed sowing of Astragalus sinicus and rapeseed on the yield of subsequent rice and soil nutrients in rice fields in southern Hunan Province， this experiment seted up six treatments， including winter fallow （CK）， single planting Astragalus sinicus （LF01）， single planting rapeseed （LF02）， and mixed planting of Astragalus sinicus and rapeseed （LF03-LF05）， and the biomass of green manure were compared and analyzed， yield of subsequent rice， and soil physicochemical properties of each treatment. The results showed that the biomass of green manure in the mixed sowing treatment of Astragalus sinicus and rapeseed was significantly higher than that in the single sowing treatment. Among them， the best effect was achieved when the Astragalus sinicus sowing amount was 22.5 kg/hm2 and the rapeseed sowing amount was 3.0 kg/hm2 （LF04）， which increased by 120.9% and 39.3% compared to Astragalus sinicus and rapeseed single sowing， respectively. At the same time， the yield of LF04 treatment increased by 17.5% compared to CK treatment. The content of organic matter， alkaline nitrogen， available phosphorus， and available potassium in the soil increased by 9.6%， 8.1%， 7.5%， and 9.6%， respectively. In the southern Hunan Province， compared to planting alone with Astragalus sinicus and rapeseed， the mixed planting of Astragalus sinicus and rapeseed can effectively increase the yield of subsequent rice and improve soil fertility. It is an effective planting model and suitable for promotion in the region.

Keywords Astragalus sinicus; oil-seed rape; mixed sowing; rice yield; soil fertility

水稻作為主要的糧食作物之一，栽培面積較大。任世鑫等[1]研究表明，化肥的不當施用是引起農業面源污染、影響農產品質量安全的一個重要因素，同時不當施用化學肥料也會導致耕地質量下降。綠肥作為重要的有機肥源，在冬季長期種植可有效降低土壤容重、提高土壤營養元素含量，從而改善土壤環境質量、促進作物生長[2]。紫云英屬于豆科綠肥，其固氮能力強，能有效提高土壤氮含量[3]；油菜屬于十字花科綠肥，其根系釋放的酸性物質可以促進土壤中難溶性磷的溶解，從而增加土壤中的有效磷含量[4]。現階段實際栽培中，主要種植紫云英作為稻田綠肥，暫存在種植結構單一等問題。……