稻田碳匯功能及其影響因子研究

摘要 本文通過對稻田固碳、減排能力及其影響因素進行分析，合理調(diào)控水稻種植方式，發(fā)揮稻田碳匯潛力，有效降低稻田溫室氣體排放。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，稻田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)可通過光合作用、土壤有機質(zhì)固碳等過程吸收和儲存二氧化碳；稻田碳排放主要來源包括生產(chǎn)過程中的碳排放（如農(nóng)藥、化肥使用）和運輸過程中的碳排放；影響稻田碳匯的因素有氣候因素、土壤理化性質(zhì)以及人為因素等。采取科學管理措施和技術手段，可以提高稻田的固碳能力，減少碳排放，發(fā)揮碳匯效應。

關鍵詞 稻田；碳匯；固碳減排；土壤；溫室氣體

中圖分類號 S511" " 文獻標識碼 A" "文章編號 1007-7731（2024）14-0135-06

DOI號 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2024.14.029

Research on carbon sink function and influencing factors in rice fields

ZHANG Hua1" " ZHAN Weiming1" " XU Qianliang1" " LIANG Zhiyuan1" " TU Chunbao2" " HU Yuming3

WANG Zhe2" " WANG Xinwang4

（1Zhejiang Guolian Qianyi Ecological Agriculture Development Co.， Ltd.， Hangzhou 310056， China;

2 Zhinong Technology Development （Zhejiang） Co.， Ltd.， Hangzhou 310056， China;

3Zhejiang Environmental Technology Co.， Ltd.， Hangzhou 310056， China;

4 People’s Government of Zhentou Town， Wuyuan 333205， China）

Abstract The carbon sequestration and emission reduction capabilities of rice fields， as well as its influencing factors were analyzed， in order to reasonably regulate rice planting methods， tap into the carbon sequestration potential of rice fields， effectively reduce greenhouse gas emissions from rice fields. Research had found that rice field ecosystems had the ability to absorb and store carbon dioxide through processes such as photosynthesis and soil organic matter carbon sequestration. The main sources of carbon emissions from rice fields included carbon emissions during the production process （such as pesticide and fertilizer use） and transportation carbon emissions; the factors that affected carbon sequestration in rice fields included climate factors， soil physicochemical properties， and human factors. By adopting scientific management mearsures and technological means， the carbon sequestration capacity of rice fields could be improved， carbon emissions could be reduced， and utilized the carbon skin effect.

Keywords rice field; carbon sink; carbon sequestration and emission reduction; soil; greenhouse gas

稻田作為一個生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，具有重要的碳匯功能，既可以吸收大量的二氧化碳（CO2），又可以將碳固定在植物和土壤中。同時，稻田也是重要的溫室氣體排放源之一，其排放的溫室氣體主要為二氧化碳、甲烷（CH4）和一氧化二氮（N2O）等[1]。宮亮等[2]研究表明，水稻生產(chǎn)中碳排放占農(nóng)業(yè)碳排放總量的16%，是農(nóng)業(yè)碳排放的主要來源之一。水稻秸稈等農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物綜合利用過程中也會造成CH4增加[3]。常琳溪等[4]研究表明，稻田土壤有機碳（Soil organic carbon，SOC）是重要的農(nóng)業(yè)碳庫之一，在減緩大氣CO2濃度上升和全球變暖速率中起著重要作用。隨著對氣候變化問題的重視程度提高，稻田碳匯功能及其影響因子的相關研究也日益受到重視。為進一步提高稻田的碳匯能力，本文分析了稻田固碳、減排能力，并從氣候因素、土壤理化性質(zhì)和人為因素等方面探究了稻田碳匯的影響因素，合理調(diào)控水稻種植方式，發(fā)揮稻田碳匯潛力，有效降低稻田溫室氣體排放。……