例談結合文本設計語法填空題的方法

第二冊Unit 2 的Reading 部分為例

新高考引入了語法填空題，這無疑對學生提出了更高的要求。可是大部分學生缺乏在語境中靈活運用詞匯及正確分析長難句的能力，導致失分嚴重。故筆者以譯林版《普通高中拓展創新學程（英語）》第二冊Unit 2 Building the future的Reading部分“Renew-able energy：a gift for the future”這篇文章為例，探討如何充分利用文本，編寫語法填空題，做到“用”文本，而非“教”文本，真正做到“減時增效”。

一、將重要詞匯編入語法填空題中

高考的語法填空題分為有提示詞和無提示詞兩種，比例一般為6：4或7：3，有提示詞一般是動詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞等實詞的變形。教師應該充分利用教材，因為重要詞匯包括新單詞都是在文本中呈現的，故筆者將這篇文章改編成單句語法填空題，把重要詞匯放在具體的語境中，這樣既可以賦予單詞立體感，也有助于學生更好掌握其用法。筆者先請學生快讀目標文本，了解文本大意并將其分成三個部分。學生看出文本一共有六段，總分總的結構非常清晰，第一段屬于Introduction，第二至五段屬于Body，最后一段屬于Conclusion。筆者用單句語法填空的方式讓學生總結每一段的段落大意，也凸顯了重要詞匯在語境中的靈活運用。

Para 1：Describes the（damage）effects that fossil fuels have on the environment when they are mined.

Para 2：Makes a（compare）of fossil fuels’disadvantages and renewable energy sources’advantag-es.

Para 3：Emphasizes the leading role that China has played in the（develop）and（apply）of clean energy technologies with renewable energy con-sumption（account）for more than 20%of its to-tal energy consumption.

Para 4：Gives an account of the difficulty（replace）fossil fuels with renewable energy.

Para 5：Talks about the（predict）future that renewable energy sources face.

Para 6：Ends the passage with the phrase a welcome gift for our future，（indicate）we should em-brace renewable energy for（sustain）develop-ment.

二、將重要語法點編入語法填空題中

高考語法填空題中一般三至四個空沒有提示詞，要求學生填寫諸如關系代詞、關系副詞、介詞、連詞、冠詞等虛詞，主要考查從句，句與句之間的邏輯關系、介詞的固定搭配或者是特殊句式等。故筆者根據這篇文本，將重要語法點編入了語法填空題中。

1.Actually，onceburnt，fossil fuels produce large quantities of carbon dioxide，in turn causes glob-al warming.（考查定語從句）

2.Many years later，all remained was a de-serted place and it was no longer suitable for people to inhabit.（考查定語從句）

3.Humans are clearly facing a critical moment，a move towards clean，renewable energy is inev-itable.（考查時間狀語從句）

4.With renewable energy consumption accounting ________ more than 20% of its total energy consumption， China has been playing a leading role in the development and application of clean energy technologies. （考查介詞）

5.______ these challenges in mind， a future with clean energy may be difficult to foresee.______， it is possible. （考查介詞和連詞）

6.______ burnt， renewable energy sources tend to emit less carbon dioxide. （考查連詞）

7.It is the reserves of fossil fuels ______will run out in the future as they are not renewable. （考查強調句）

8.But it is not likely to replace fossil fuels completely. One reason is _______ renewable energy sources are not available everywhere. Another two reasons are the difficulty in storing extra energy in batteries for later use _______ the problems presented by high- capacity batteries. （考查表語從句和連詞）

9.Despite these apparent challenges， renewable energy sources still have _______ promising future. （考查冠詞）

10.Without doubt， renewable energy will form ______big part of our future. （考查冠詞）

整堂課學生很活躍，他們積極參與互動，不僅理解了文章大意，也了解了高考語法填空題的命題方向和考點，提高了做題的正確率。故筆者認為，教師應該在平時的備課中深度挖掘閱讀文本，讓閱讀文本發揮最大的價值。

（作者單位：江蘇省沛縣第二中學）