摘要 潰瘍性結腸炎(UC)在全球范圍內發病率不斷上升,但發病機制尚未明確。現有研究認為UC與遺傳易感性、腸上皮屏障受損、免疫反應異常、腸道菌群失調以及環境因素密切相關。腸道菌群具有物質代謝、營養吸收、能量轉化、免疫調節以及維持腸道黏膜屏障的功能,在UC中發揮重要作用。本文就腸道菌群及其代謝物與UC的研究進展作一綜述,以期為UC的診療提供理論基礎和新思路。
關鍵詞 結腸炎,潰瘍性; 腸道菌群; 代謝物; 發病機制; 治療
Progress of Research on Intestinal Flora and its Metabolites in Ulcerative Colitis HUANG Qiuling, HE Qiuyue, DU Yan. Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming (650032)
Correspondence to: DU Yan, Email: duyan_m@139.com
Abstract The incidence of ulcerative colitis (UC) is on the rise globally, but its pathogenesis has not yet been clarified. Existing studies suggest that UC is closely related to genetic susceptibility, impaired intestinal epithelial barrier, abnormal immune response, intestinal flora dysbiosis and environmental factors. Intestinal flora has the functions of substance metabolism, nutrient absorption, energy conversion, immune regulation and maintenance of intestinal mucosal barrier, and has been proved to play an important role in UC. This article reviewed the progress of research on intestinal flora and its metabolites in UC, thus providing theoretical basis and new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of UC.
Key words Colitis, Ulcerative; Intestinal Flora; Metabolites; Pathogenesis; Therapy
潰瘍性結腸炎(ulcerative colitis, UC)是一種慢性特發性炎性腸病,表現為直腸至近端結腸程度不一的持續性黏膜炎癥。臨床上典型癥狀以反復發作的帶或不帶黏液的血性腹瀉、直腸急迫感、里急后重以及不同程度的腹痛為主,其中腹痛通常可在排便后緩解。UC好發年齡為20~40歲,男性和女性患病率相似。流行病學顯示,2023年全球UC的患病例數約為500萬例,且全球發病率逐漸增加,亞洲的UC患病率預計將增加高達4倍[1] 。UC的發病機制尚未明確,通常認為與遺傳易感性、腸上皮屏障受損、免疫調節異常、腸道菌群失調以及環境密切相關。隨著高通量基因測序的不斷發展,腸道菌群在UC發病中的重要作用逐漸顯現。因此,本文就腸道菌群及其代謝物與UC的研究進展作一綜述,以期為UC的診療提供理論基礎和新思路。
一、腸道菌群概述
人體腸道內復雜而豐富的微生物統稱為腸道菌群,包括細菌、古菌、真菌、病毒等。腸道菌群主要包括厚壁菌門、擬桿菌門、變形菌門以及放線菌門。……