摘要 血小板是止血和凝血的關鍵因素,近年來其參與炎癥反應和免疫反應的潛能受到廣泛關注。越來越多的研究表明,炎癥性腸病的組織損傷并不僅僅是免疫應答失調的結果,還涉及其他多種細胞系統的積極參與,血小板可能在腸道黏膜炎癥和免疫中發揮重要作用。本文就炎癥性腸病中的血小板異常及其可能發生機制,以及血小板作為炎癥性腸病特異性治療靶點的前景作一綜述。
關鍵詞 炎癥性腸病; 結腸炎, 潰瘍性; Crohn病; 血小板; 治療
Research Progress of Platelet Abnormalities in Inflammatory Bowel Disease LI Haichen1, ZHANG Zhewei2, REN Zhengyu1, CHEN Yuling1, LI Yingchao1." 1Department of Gastroenterology, 2Department of PET?CT, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University, Xi′an (710061)
Correspondence to: LI Yingchao, Email: liyingchao@xjtufh.edu.cn
Abstract Platelet is the key factor in hemostasis and coagulation, its potential in inflammatory response and immune response has been widely concerned in recent years. A growing number of studies indicate that tissue damage in inflammatory bowel disease is not only the result of dysregulated immune response, but also the active participation of various other cellular systems, and platelet might play an important role in intestinal mucosal inflammation and immunity. This article reviewed the abnormal changes and possible mechanisms of platelet in inflammatory bowel disease, and the prospects of platelet as a specific treatment target for inflammatory bowel disease.
Key words Inflammatory Bowel Disease; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Platelets; Therapy
炎癥性腸病(inflammatory bowel disease, IBD)是一類慢性、復發性胃腸道疾病,包括克羅恩病(Crohn′s disease, CD)和潰瘍性結腸炎(ulcerative colitis, UC)。近十年的數據表明,IBD發病率在亞洲新興工業化國家(包括中國和印度)顯著增長[1],極大影響了患者的生活質量。IBD的發病機制復雜,目前認為由遺傳易感性、環境因素、自身免疫、腸道微生物等多種因素相互作用引起[2]。越來越多證據表明,IBD的組織損傷并不僅僅是免疫應答失調的結果,還涉及其他多種細胞的積極參與,血小板可能在腸道黏膜炎癥和免疫中發揮重要作用[3]。IBD中血小板生成增加和功能激活,從而表達多種活性物質,循環中可溶性CD40配體(sCD40L)、P選擇素和糖蛋白53(GP53)水平升高以及血小板表面黏附分子表達增加進而導致血栓形成。同時血小板活化產生和釋放儲存的大量炎癥介質[如組胺、前列腺素E2、血小板衍生生長因子、血栓素A2(thromboxane A2, TXA2)和5?羥色胺等]擴大炎癥反應,釋放β?血小板球蛋白(β?thromboglobulin, β?TG)、血小板因子4(platelet factor 4, PF4)、趨化因子等促進炎癥細胞的募集,共同參與IBD炎癥級聯反應。……