浙江中醫藥大學附屬第一醫院消化內科 浙江省消化道疾病病理生理重點實驗室
國家中醫藥管理局高水平中醫藥重點學科(中醫脾胃病學)(310006)
摘要 自身免疫性胃炎(AIG)是一種由自身免疫功能異常所致的胃炎,臨床常表現為惡性貧血或神經系統癥狀,內鏡下通??梢娢阁w黏膜萎縮,可伴有血清抗壁細胞抗體和(或)抗內因子抗體陽性。有研究表明,AIG是胃神經內分泌瘤和胃癌的危險因素,因此內鏡下診斷并隨訪監測AIG至關重要。本文就AIG與胃腫瘤的研究進展作一綜述。
關鍵詞 自身免疫性胃炎; 胃神經內分泌瘤; 胃腫瘤; 診斷; 治療
Progress of Research on Autoimmune Gastritis and Gastric Tumor LI Mengyun, MENG Lina. Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, Key Discipline of High?Level Traditional Chinese Medicine of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM Spleen and Gastroenterology), Hangzhou (310006)
Correspondence to: MENG Lina, Email: mln6713@163.com
Abstract Autoimmune gastritis (AIG) is a kind of gastritis caused by autoimmune dysfunction. It is often manifested as pernicious anemia or neurological symptoms. Gastric corpus mucosal atrophy is usually observed under endoscopy, which may be accompanied by positive serum anti?parietal cell antibody and/or anti?intrinsic factor antibody. Studies have shown that AIG is a risk factor for gastric neuroendocrine tumors and gastric cancer. Therefore, endoscopic diagnosis and surveillance of AIG are very important. This article reviewed the progress of research on AIG and gastric tumor.
Key words Autoimmune Gastritis; Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumors; Stomach Neoplasms; Diagnosis; Therapy
自身免疫性胃炎(autoimmune gastritis, AIG)即A型胃炎,是一種由自身免疫功能異常所致的胃炎,內鏡下主要表現為以胃體為主的萎縮性胃炎,伴有抗壁細胞抗體(parietal cell antibody, PCA)和(或)抗內因子抗體(intrinsic factor antibody, IFA)陽性。臨床常表現為缺鐵性貧血、惡性貧血或神經系統癥狀。既往多項研究發現,AIG是胃神經內分泌瘤(gastric neuroendocrine tumors, g?NETs)和胃癌的危險因素[1?3]。本文就AIG與胃腫瘤的研究進展作一綜述。
一、AIG的發病機制和診斷
目前AIG發病機制的研究大多源于實驗模型,確切的病因尚不清楚,但可能與T細胞介導的自身免疫、抗體介導的體液免疫和幽門螺桿菌(Helicobacter pylori, Hp)感染有關。目前研究認為,特異性Th1細胞介導的自身免疫作用于胃底和胃體的質子泵,引起局部炎癥反應,通過穿孔素、Fas及其受體相互作用,破壞質子泵,誘導胃壁細胞丟失和死亡。同時AIG產生的自身抗體PCA也通過識別質子泵的α和β亞基,造成胃壁細胞破壞,胃體腺萎縮,胃泌酸功能明顯降低甚至無酸,最后發展成自身免疫性萎縮性胃炎[4?5]?!?br>