
摘要 妊娠期肝臟疾病包括妊娠期肝病,以及在妊娠期間偶然發生的急性和慢性肝臟疾病,無論是否與妊娠相關,妊娠期間的肝臟疾病都與孕產婦以及胎兒的高發病風險和高死亡風險相關。因此,歐洲肝病學會邀請相關專家制定臨床實踐指南,旨在根據現有的最佳證據,為肝病科、胃腸病科、婦產科醫師、全科醫師、培訓專家,以及為該患者群體提供護理的醫療保健人員提供妊娠期肝臟疾病管理建議。
關鍵詞 肝臟疾病; 妊娠; 指南
Excerpts of European Association for the Study of the Liver Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Liver Diseases in Pregnancy (2023) WANG Xing, WANG Zhengyu, LUO Bohan, HAN Guohong. Xi′an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi′an (710100)
Correspondence to: HAN Guohong, Email: 13991969930@126.com
Abstract Liver diseases in pregnancy comprise both gestational liver disorders and acute and chronic hepatic disorders occurring coincidentally in pregnancy. Whether pregnancy?related or not, liver diseases in pregnancy are associated with a significant risk of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Thus, the European Association for the Study of the Liver invited a panel of experts to develop clinical practice guidelines aimed at providing recommendations, based on the best available evidence, for the management of liver diseases in pregnancy for hepatologists, gastroenter?ologists, obstetric physicians, general physicians, training specialists and other healthcare professionals who provide care for this patient population.
Key words Liver Diseases; Pregnancy; Guidelines
妊娠期肝臟疾病包括妊娠期特發肝病和妊娠合并肝臟疾病。無論是妊娠特異性還是先前存在的肝病,妊娠期肝臟疾病都與母體和胎兒的發病率和病死率增高顯著相關。美國國家健康和營養調查結果顯示,育齡女性肝臟疾病的發病率不斷增高,為獲得良好預后,建議育齡女性進行孕前咨詢,并告知其妊娠對疾病的影響和可能引發的潛在風險。許多用于治療慢性肝病的藥物在妊娠期是安全的,不應停用,有些藥物則應被停用或替代。此外,必要時妊娠期可進行超聲檢查、磁共振胰膽管成像、內鏡逆行胰膽管造影、食管胃十二指腸鏡檢查、肝臟活檢等檢查。本指南[1]證據水平根據牛津循證醫學中心標準分為5級(表1),推薦意見強度分為強推薦、弱推薦或開放性推薦(表2)。
一、膽汁淤積性肝病
【推薦意見1】約50%的妊娠期女性會出現疾病惡化或新發瘙癢,但大多數患者肝功能穩定。然而,高達70%的患者產后血清肝功能指標惡化。……