智能車輛典型非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)坐姿乘員正面碰撞損傷研究

【摘要】為探究多樣化的乘員離位姿態(tài)對乘員碰撞損傷的影響，綜合考慮多種乘員典型離位姿態(tài)，借助成熟乘員艙模型和假人模型進(jìn)行了1 800次正面碰撞仿真，結(jié)果表明，相對于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)姿態(tài)工況，典型離位姿態(tài)下的乘員損傷均有一定程度的增加：座椅靠背角度增大會(huì)導(dǎo)致乘員頭頸部損傷水平提高，而使胸部損傷水平下降；自動(dòng)緊急制動(dòng)（AEB）系統(tǒng)制動(dòng)強(qiáng)度的增大會(huì)提高乘員胸部損傷水平而降低頭頸部損傷水平；乘員向右偏移工況均比向左偏移工況有更大的頭胸部損傷水平。

主題詞：離位乘員 數(shù)值模擬 正面碰撞 損傷風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

中圖分類號(hào)：U467.14" "文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼：A" "DOI： 10.19620/j.cnki.1000-3703.20230933

Frontal Crash Injury Study of Typical Non-Standard Seated Occupants in Intelligent Vehicle

Yun Weiguo1， Wang Guojie2， He Enze2

（1. Zhejiang Geely Farizon New Energy Commercial Vehicles Group Co.， Ltd.， Hangzhou 310018; 2. State Key Laboratory of Vehicle NVH and Safety Technology， China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co.， Ltd.， Chongqing 401122）

【Abstract】In order to investigate the effects of diverse occupant out-of-position postures on occupant crash injuries， a variety of typical occupant out-of-position postures were considered， and 1 800 frontal crash simulations were conducted with the help of a mature occupant compartment model and dummy model. The results show that the occupant will suffer more injury in typical out-of-position posture than the standard posture; the increase of seatback angle leads to the increase of occupant head and neck injury level， while the decrease of thorax injury level; the increase of braking intensity of Automatic Emergency Braking （AEB） system increases the occupant thorax injury level， while decreasing the head and neck injury level; the occupants’ head and thorax injury level is greater in the rightward offset condition than in the leftward offset condition.

Key words： Occupant out-of-position， Numerical simulation， Frontal crash， Injury risk

1 前言

乘員的姿勢顯著影響其在車輛碰撞中受傷的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。Bose等[1]使用多剛體人體模型研究了身材、體重、姿勢和肌肉支撐水平等特征對乘員在車輛正面碰撞中傷害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的影響程度，發(fā)現(xiàn)乘員姿勢影響最大。Hwang等[2]的分析表明，在側(cè)面碰撞中，身體姿勢是預(yù)測乘員碰撞反應(yīng)的重要因素。

同時(shí)，乘員在乘車時(shí)可能出現(xiàn)各種姿勢。Zhang等[3]開展的基于志愿者偏好姿勢的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，前排乘員在行駛中僅45%的時(shí)間以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)姿勢乘坐。Reed等[4]對車內(nèi)視頻數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，前排乘員頭部在33%的時(shí)間中向左或向右旋轉(zhuǎn)，軀干在10%的時(shí)間里向左或向右旋轉(zhuǎn)且在10%的時(shí)間內(nèi)前傾。自動(dòng)駕駛汽車的發(fā)展擴(kuò)大了未來汽車駕乘人員的姿勢和活動(dòng)選擇[5-6]，如休息、娛樂，或與其他乘員交流，這對車內(nèi)布置提出了新的需求，包括設(shè)置靈活的座椅朝向[6-9]、高度傾斜的座椅[10-13]等，此時(shí)，車內(nèi)人員的姿態(tài)也更加多樣化。……