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主題詞:離位乘員 數(shù)值模擬 正面碰撞 損傷風(fēng)險(xiǎn)
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):U467.14" "文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A" "DOI: 10.19620/j.cnki.1000-3703.20230933
Frontal Crash Injury Study of Typical Non-Standard Seated Occupants in Intelligent Vehicle
Yun Weiguo1, Wang Guojie2, He Enze2
(1. Zhejiang Geely Farizon New Energy Commercial Vehicles Group Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310018; 2. State Key Laboratory of Vehicle NVH and Safety Technology, China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chongqing 401122)
【Abstract】In order to investigate the effects of diverse occupant out-of-position postures on occupant crash injuries, a variety of typical occupant out-of-position postures were considered, and 1 800 frontal crash simulations were conducted with the help of a mature occupant compartment model and dummy model. The results show that the occupant will suffer more injury in typical out-of-position posture than the standard posture; the increase of seatback angle leads to the increase of occupant head and neck injury level, while the decrease of thorax injury level; the increase of braking intensity of Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB) system increases the occupant thorax injury level, while decreasing the head and neck injury level; the occupants’ head and thorax injury level is greater in the rightward offset condition than in the leftward offset condition.
Key words: Occupant out-of-position, Numerical simulation, Frontal crash, Injury risk
1 前言
乘員的姿勢(shì)顯著影響其在車(chē)輛碰撞中受傷的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。Bose等[1]使用多剛體人體模型研究了身材、體重、姿勢(shì)和肌肉支撐水平等特征對(duì)乘員在車(chē)輛正面碰撞中傷害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的影響程度,發(fā)現(xiàn)乘員姿勢(shì)影響最大。Hwang等[2]的分析表明,在側(cè)面碰撞中,身體姿勢(shì)是預(yù)測(cè)乘員碰撞反應(yīng)的重要因素。
同時(shí),乘員在乘車(chē)時(shí)可能出現(xiàn)各種姿勢(shì)。Zhang等[3]開(kāi)展的基于志愿者偏好姿勢(shì)的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),前排乘員在行駛中僅45%的時(shí)間以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)姿勢(shì)乘坐。Reed等[4]對(duì)車(chē)內(nèi)視頻數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析發(fā)現(xiàn),前排乘員頭部在33%的時(shí)間中向左或向右旋轉(zhuǎn),軀干在10%的時(shí)間里向左或向右旋轉(zhuǎn)且在10%的時(shí)間內(nèi)前傾。自動(dòng)駕駛汽車(chē)的發(fā)展擴(kuò)大了未來(lái)汽車(chē)駕乘人員的姿勢(shì)和活動(dòng)選擇[5-6],如休息、娛樂(lè),或與其他乘員交流,這對(duì)車(chē)內(nèi)布置提出了新的需求,包括設(shè)置靈活的座椅朝向[6-9]、高度傾斜的座椅[10-13]等,此時(shí),車(chē)內(nèi)人員的姿態(tài)也更加多樣化。……