


摘要:目的" 探討新診斷皮質下缺血性腦血管病(SIVD)認知功能障礙與大腦灰質區大小改變的關系。方法" 選取我院2018年1月-2021年12月收治的新診斷SIVD患者118例,根據是否認知功能障礙分為認知功能障礙組(54例)和無認知功能障礙組(64例),比較兩組人口學資料(性別、年齡及受教育時間)、認知功能評估量表資料(MMSE評分、MoCA評分及CAMCOG-C總分)及影像學檢查資料(GDS評分、LI數目、LA分級、灰質總體積、白質總體積及腦脊液容積),分析腦部灰質區體積與認知功能相關量表評分的相關性。結果" 兩組性別、年齡、受教育時間、GDS評分、LI數目、LA分級及腦脊液容積比較,差異無統計學意義(Pgt;0.05);認知功能障礙組MMSE評分、MoCA評分、CAMCOG-C總分、灰質總體積及白質總體積均少于無認知功能障礙組,差異有統計學意義(Plt;0.05);認知功能障礙組生活質量評分、Stroop評分高于無認知功能障礙組,差異有統計學意義(Plt;0.05);兩組左顳下回、右顳中回、右眶部額上回、左枕中回及右枕中回灰質體積比較,差異有統計學意義(Plt;0.05);Pearson相關分析顯示,合并認知功能障礙患者灰質總體積與MMSE評分、MoCA評分及CAMCOG-C評分呈正相關(Plt;0.05),腦部灰質總體積與生活質量評分和Stroop評分呈負相關(Plt;0.05),左顳下回體積與MoCA評分呈正相關(Plt;0.05),左顳下回體積與Stroop評分呈負相關(Plt;0.05)。結論" 伴認知功能障礙新診斷SIVD患者灰質區體積改變可直接影響認知功能。
關鍵詞:皮質下缺血性腦血管病;認知功能障礙;灰質區
中圖分類號:R743" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " "文獻標識碼:A" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " "DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2023.16.019
文章編號:1006-1959(2023)16-0104-04
Study on the Relationship Between Cognitive Dysfunction and Changes in Gray Matter Volume
in Patients with New Diagnosed SIVD
LIU Hong,HE Ming-fang
(Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases,Guangyuan Central Hospital,Guangyuan 628000,Sichuan,China)
Abstract:Objective" To investigate the relationship between cognitive dysfunction and changes in gray matter volume in patients with new diagnosed subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD).Methods" A total of 118 patients with newly diagnosed SIVD admitted to our hospital from January 2018 to December 2021 were selected and divided into cognitive dysfunction group (54 patients) and non-cognitive dysfunction group (64 patients) according to whether they had cognitive dysfunction. The demographic data (gender, age and education time), cognitive function assessment scale data (MMSE score, MoCA score and CAMCOG-C total score) and imaging examination data (GDS score, LI number, LA grade, total gray matter volume, total white matter volume and cerebrospinal fluid volume) were compared between the two groups. The correlation between brain gray matter volume and cognitive function related scale scores was analyzed.Results" There was no significant difference in gender, age, education time, GDS score, LI number, LA grade and cerebrospinal fluid volume between the two groups (Pgt;0.05). The MMSE score, MoCA score, CAMCOG-C total score, total gray matter volume and total white matter volume in the cognitive dysfunction group were lower than those in the non-cognitive dysfunction group, and the differences were statistically significant (Plt;0.05). The quality of life score and Stroop score in the cognitive dysfunction group were higher than those in the non-cognitive dysfunction group, and the differences were statistically significant (Plt;0.05). There were significant differences in the gray matter volume of left inferior temporal gyrus, right middle temporal gyrus, right orbital superior frontal gyrus, left middle occipital gyrus and right middle occipital gyrus between the two groups (Plt;0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that the total volume of gray matter in patients with cognitive impairment was positively correlated with MMSE score, MoCA score and CAMCOG-C score (Plt;0.05); the total volume of gray matter in the brain was negatively correlated with quality of life score and Stroop score(Plt;0.05); the volume of left inferior temporal gyrus was positively correlated with MoCA score (Plt;0.05), and the volume of left inferior temporal gyrus was negatively correlated with Stroop score (Plt;0.05).Conclusion" The changes of gray matter volume in newly diagnosed SIVD patients with cognitive dysfunction can directly affect cognitive function.
Key words:Subcortical ischemic cerebrovascular disease;Cognitive dysfunction;Gray matter
皮質下缺血性腦血管病(subcortical ischemic cerebrovascular disease,SIVD)患者合并認知功能障礙比例較高,現有研究認為該類認知功能障礙在臨床特征方面與血管性認知功能障礙存在高同質性,但存在特殊影像學改變,其中以多發性LI或WML最為常見[1,2]。既往對于SIVD伴認知功能障礙研究更多關注存在嚴重認知功能損傷人群,而可見影像學異常改變且認知功能損傷輕微這一前驅期人群報道較少[3,4]。近年來,基于體素形態測量學技術已被證實能夠更為全面客觀地觀察全腦解剖結構,在測量全腦及灰質區體積方面顯示出良好優勢。基于以上證據,本研究采用顱腦MRI檢查,依靠基于體素形態測量學檢測方法評估SIVD伴認知功能障礙患者灰質區體積與認知功能變化的關系,旨在為該類疾病的臨床診治提供更多參考。
1資料與方法
1.1一般資料" 選取2018年1月-2021年12月廣元市中心醫院收治SIVD患者118例,根據是否認知功能障礙分為認知功能障礙組(54例)和無認知功能障礙組(64例),認知功能障礙判定標準為MMSE評分≤26分且≥1個認知領域異常[4]。納入標準:①臨床新確診SIVD,符合Erkinjuntti標準,即50~85歲,受教育時間≥5年,頭顱MRI可見廣泛腦室旁和深部白質高信號,廣泛帽狀高信號或不規則帶狀高信號,和(或)彌漫融合高信號,或廣泛白質改變及深部灰質腔隙性梗死;測試前24 h內未服用影響認知藥物;②自愿接受檢查治療;③臨床資料完整。排除標準:①顱腦占位性病變;②顱腦外傷史;③嚴重軀體或精神系統疾病;④既往接受電休克治療;④其他可能導致認知功能異常或腦白質病變疾病。本研究設計符合《赫爾辛基宣言》要求,且患者及家屬簽署知情同意書。
1.2方法
1.2.1資料收集" 收集患者人口學資料(性別、年齡及受教育時間)、認知功能評估量表資料(MMSE評分、MoCA評分及CAMCOG-C總分)及影像學檢查資料(GDS評分、LI數目、LA分級、灰質總體積、白質總體積及腦脊液容積)。認知功能評價指標包括簡易精神狀態檢查(MMSE)評分、蒙特利爾認知評估量表(MoCA)評分、劍橋老年認知檢查量表-中文版(CAMCOG-C)評分及Stroop評分。
1.2.2 顱腦MRI檢查" 顱腦MRI檢查采用通用Discovery MR 750 型3.0T MR掃描儀,掃描錢限制頭動,同時要求掃描時保持靜息狀態;掃描參數:重復時間7.9 ms,回波時間3.3 ms,反轉時間460 ms,翻轉角度20°,矩陣512×512;基于T1WI、T2WI、FLAIR及3D-T1模式下完成圖像采集,計算LI數目,同時根據Fazekas標準完成LA分級[5]。原始數據導入Dcm2nii軟件完成格式轉換,分割3D-T1結構像后獲得灰白質和腦脊液圖,再行空間標準化及空間平滑,基于簇錯誤率校正計算腦灰質體積變化,最后匯總存在差異腦區疊加至蒙特利爾神經病學研究所(MNI)模板上。全部患者均由同一位放射科醫師完成顱腦MRI檢查。
1.3 觀察指標" 比較兩組人口學資料、認知功能評估量表資料及影像學檢查資料,分析不同區域灰質體積變化情況,評估腦部灰質區體積與認知功能相關量表評分的相關性
1.4 統計學分析" 選擇SPSS 20.0軟件分析數據,正態性評估采用Kolmogorov-Smirnov檢驗,符合正態分布計量資料以(x±s)表示,行t檢驗;不符合正態分布計量資料以[M(Q1,Q3)]表示,采用Mann-Whitney U檢驗;計數資料以[n(%)]表示,比較采用χ2檢驗;相關性分析采用Pearson檢驗,Plt;0.05為差異有統計學意義。兩組間形態測量學統計采用SPM8一般線性模型,協變量選擇年齡、性別及受教育時間,組間比較采用兩獨立樣本t檢驗,簇錯誤率校正P≤0.05為差異有統計學意義。
2結果
2.1兩組人口學資料、認知功能評估量表資料及影像學檢查資料比較" 兩組性別、年齡、受教育時間、GDS評分、LI數目、LA分級及腦脊液容積比較,差異無統計學意義(Pgt;0.05);認知功能障礙組MMSE評分、MoCA評分、CAMCOG-C總分、灰質總體積及白質總體積均少于無認知功能障礙組(Plt;0.05);認知功能障礙組Stroop評分大于無認知功能障礙組(Plt;0.05),見表1。
2.2兩組不同區域灰質體積變化比較" 兩組左顳下回、右顳中回、右眶部額上回、左枕中回及右枕中回灰質體積比較,差異有統計學意義(Plt;0.05),見表2。
2.3腦部灰質區體積與認知功能相關量表評分的相關性" Pearson相關檢驗分析結果顯示,合并認知功能障礙患者灰質總體積與MMSE評分、MoCA評分及CAMCOG-C評分呈正相關;腦部灰質總體積與生活質量評分和Stroop評分呈負相關;左顳下回體積與MoCA評分呈正相關;左顳下回體積與Stroop評分呈負相關,見表3。
3 討論
已有研究顯示[5],合并腦血管疾病特別是動脈硬化患者可進展出現皮質下血管病變,造成大腦皮質變薄,神經元丟失,最終導致腦白質和灰質區域萎縮。目前認為SIVD發生與大腦小動脈/毛細血管/小靜脈穿孔關系密切,往往表現為認知/執行功能異常、步態不穩及情緒不穩[6];同時SIVD患者接受MRI檢查可見明顯腦萎縮,這可能是造成認知功能障礙發生關鍵原因[7]。
本次研究中伴認知功能障礙SIVD患者腦灰質和白質體積均較未伴認知功能障礙縮小,同時顳下回灰質體積與MoCA評分、CAMCOG-C評分均呈正相關,而與Stroop評分呈負相關,因此認為SIVD患者腦白質體積減少可能與皮質下病變導致白質稀疏萎縮有關。有報道推測[8,9],腦白質的損傷可能進一步導致大腦灰質組織的繼發性退化,病理上表現為CSVD組的皮質變薄及皮質下深核體積減小。皮質下缺血性血管性癡呆患者隨病情進展可見部分區域大腦皮質厚度持續減少[10,11],而腦白質病變患者大部分腦皮質區域灰質密度低于正常人群[12,13]。本次研究中兩組左顳下回、右顳中回、右眶部額上回、左枕中回及右枕中回灰質體積比較,差異有統計學意義(Plt;0.05),證實SIVD伴認知功能障礙患者往往存在顳葉、額葉及枕葉區域異常。已有研究顯示[14,15],顳中回傳統上被認為是一個細胞結構上均勻的腦區,但大量研究結果表明它具有多種功能,顳中回具有調節人體語言、情感及記憶及等多方面作用,可能與其具有不同的亞區有關。雙側顳中回前區參與了社會認知,即心智理論,顳中回后部區域是整合儲存語義知識的關鍵區域。既往研究結果表明,左側大腦半球在語言處理領域扮演著重要的角色,驗證了語言處理左半球化的觀點。本次研究中,SIVD伴認知功能障礙患者左側顳下回灰質體積更小,同時與CAMCOG-C評分呈正相關,這間接證實左側顳下回能夠調節語義、書寫及閱讀等功能核心。本研究中,SIVD伴認知功能障礙顳下回灰質體積與Stroop評分呈負相關,這一現象可能與前額葉與顳葉內側皮質間存在大量連接,可影響網絡執行功能激活有關[16]。
本次研究中可見SIVD伴認知功能障礙患者出現眶額葉皮質區體積減小。相關研究顯示[17],眶額葉皮質主要由腹側部構成,能夠調節情感、決策、執行及少量高級認知功能;同時該區域還與大腦其他區域存在廣泛連接。部分報道認為SIVD患者認知功能損傷可能與內側前額葉、額下回及眶額葉皮質異常有關[18]。
綜上所述,伴認知功能障礙新診斷SIVD患者灰質區體積改變可直接影響認知功能,這一結果為后續進一步探索SIVD繼發認知功能障礙潛在病理機制提供參考。同時本研究屬于單中心回顧性報道,仍有待后續更大規模更為嚴謹的研究進一步確證。
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收稿日期:2023-01-17;修回日期:2023-03-20
編輯/成森