高校排球運(yùn)動(dòng)員運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷機(jī)制及預(yù)防措施

摘要：[目的]：通過研究分析排球運(yùn)動(dòng)員損傷部位解剖結(jié)構(gòu)以及項(xiàng)目運(yùn)動(dòng)特點(diǎn)，來探究排球運(yùn)動(dòng)員運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷機(jī)制，并根據(jù)研究結(jié)果提出預(yù)防建議。[方法]：采用文獻(xiàn)資料法、專家訪談法、問卷調(diào)查法來為本研究提供理論、數(shù)據(jù)支撐。[結(jié)果]：1.十六位運(yùn)動(dòng)員均有損傷且主要出現(xiàn)在肩、腰、膝 腳踝四個(gè)部位。其中以腰、膝蓋損傷人數(shù)最多，腳踝次之；2.損傷原因：第一，專位特征影響；第二，青年運(yùn)動(dòng)員身體各項(xiàng)素質(zhì)發(fā)展不全面，技術(shù)掌握粗糙；第三，訓(xùn)練針對(duì)性不足、訓(xùn)練負(fù)荷安排不合理；第四，運(yùn)動(dòng)員自身防護(hù)意識(shí)不夠、運(yùn)動(dòng)營(yíng)養(yǎng)手段缺乏等。[結(jié)論]：運(yùn)動(dòng)員損傷的部位與專位特征關(guān)系密切，產(chǎn)生運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷的主要原因有技術(shù)動(dòng)作不規(guī)范、心理素質(zhì)薄弱、運(yùn)動(dòng)負(fù)荷過大以及訓(xùn)練針對(duì)性不足等幾方面因素。[預(yù)防措施]：1、強(qiáng)化基礎(chǔ)體能；2、加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)動(dòng)作練習(xí)；3、科學(xué)訓(xùn)練；4、提高心理素質(zhì)；5、自我防護(hù)。

關(guān)鍵詞：排球運(yùn)動(dòng)；運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷；預(yù)防措施；解剖弱點(diǎn)；運(yùn)動(dòng)分析

Sports injury mechanism and preventive measures of college volleyball players

CHEN Shaojia CHEN Tiantian

（1.Sports Training Institute， Nanjing "Sport Institute，"Nanjing， Jiangsu Province， 210046; 2.Sports Institute， Yangzhou Vocational University， Yangzhou， Jiangsu Province， 225012）

Abstract： [Objective]： To investigate the mechanism of sports injury in volleyball players by studying and analyzing the anatomical structure of the injury site and the sports characteristics of the project， and to propose prevention suggestions based on the research results. [Methods]： The literature method， expert interview method， and questionnaire method were used to provide theoretical and data support for this study. [Results]： 1. All sixteen athletes had injuries mainly in the shoulder， waist， knee and ankle. Among them， waist and knee injuries were the most， followed by ankle injuries; 2. Reasons for injuries： first， the influence of special features; second， the incomplete development of various physical qualities of young athletes and the rough mastery of technology; third， the lack of targeted training and unreasonable training load arrangement; fourth， the athletes' own protection awareness is not enough， lack of sports nutrition means. [Conclusion]： The parts of athletes' injuries are closely related to the special features， and the main reasons for sports injuries are irregular technical movements， weak psychological quality， excessive sports load and insufficient training targeting. [Preventive measures]：1， strengthen the basic physical fitness; 2， strengthen the basic action practice; 3， scientific training; 4， improve the psychological quality; 5， self-protection.

Key words： volleyball; sports injuries; preventive measures; anatomical weaknesses; sports analysis

引言

隨著近些年中國(guó)女排的取得的亮眼成績(jī)，排球運(yùn)動(dòng)也越發(fā)流行起來。尤其在高校中，很受大學(xué)生青睞。競(jìng)技排球運(yùn)動(dòng)是一項(xiàng)隔網(wǎng)對(duì)抗性運(yùn)動(dòng)，因其對(duì)抗性強(qiáng)，強(qiáng)度高，所以在進(jìn)行該項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)發(fā)生運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較高。進(jìn)行體育運(yùn)動(dòng)都有著發(fā)生損傷的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，而競(jìng)技體育無論是從受傷頻率還是從損傷程度而言都要遠(yuǎn)高于一般體育活動(dòng)。在競(jìng)技排球中，因比賽激烈導(dǎo)致由成員間碰撞造成的運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷難以避免，但相對(duì)來說更多的損傷，是由于不規(guī)范的技術(shù)動(dòng)作、不科學(xué)的訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃等因素導(dǎo)致。……