【摘要】 心外膜脂肪組織(epicardial adipose tissue,EAT)在心血管疾病(cardiovascular disease,CVD)發展過程中起著重要作用,最近EAT越來越受到關注。EAT是位于心肌和心外膜內臟層之間的一個獨特脂肪庫,它是一種可量化的、可改變的組織,具有局部和全身效應的脂肪組織。EAT在一定程度參與心房顫動(atrial fibrillation,AF)、冠心病(coronary heart disease,CHD)、心力衰竭(heart failure,HF)的發生發展。在這篇綜述中,將討論EAT的解剖結構和生理功能以及與心血管疾病的關系,還討論了EAT的測量方法和干預EAT的治療方法。
【關鍵詞】 心外膜脂肪 冠心病 房顫 心力衰竭
Research Progress of Epicardial Adipose Tissue in Cardiovascular Diseases/WANG Zhao, DIAO Shuling. //Medical Innovation of China, 2023, 20(31): -170
[Abstract] Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) plays an important role in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recently, EAT has attracted more and more attention. EAT is a unique fat pool between the heart muscle and the visceral layer of the epicardium. It is a quantifiable and changeable tissue with local and systemic effects. EAT is involved in the occurrence and development of atrial fibrillation (AF), coronary heart disease (CHD) and heart failure (HF) to a certain extent. In this review, we will discuss the anatomical structure and physiological function of EAT and its relationship with cardiovascular diseases, as well as the measurement methods of EAT and the treatment methods of ETA intervention.
[Key words] Epicardial adipose tissue Coronary heart disease Atrial fibrillation Heart failure
First-author's address: Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256603, China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2023.31.038
盡管強化了心血管疾病的二級預防,仍有較大的心血管不良事件發生的風險。肥胖作為心血管疾病的獨立危險因素,其體脂分布是心血管疾病的重要預測因子[1]。當皮下脂肪組織(subcutaneous adipose tissue,SAT)不能再儲存多余的營養物質時,內臟脂肪組織(visceral adipose tissue,VAT)就會增加。EAT作為一種VAT,它位于心肌表面和心包臟層之間,與心臟、冠狀動脈直接接觸。在生理條件下,EAT具有產熱和保護心臟等作用;而在病理狀態下,EAT通過分泌多種促炎細胞因子/脂肪因子,參與心血管疾病的發生發展[2]。但它可以通過經胸超聲心動圖(transthoracic echocardiography,TTE)、計算機斷層掃描(computed tomography,CT)及磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)等來測量,也可以通過一些治療方法可以干預EAT,例如降糖藥物、降脂藥物、運動和飲食等。該綜述的主要焦點是EAT,作為一種新的心血管疾病治療的新靶點。
1 EAT解剖結構和生理功能
在胚胎學和形態學上,EAT與VAT相似,兩者都來自胸膜內胚層[3]。在解剖學上,心臟周圍有兩種不同的脂肪組織,被稱為EAT和心包脂肪組織(pericardial adipose tissue,PAT),其中包括冠狀動脈周圍脂肪組織(perivascular adipose tissue,PVAT)。……