耒陽市2000—2022年稻飛虱發生高峰期特點及防控策略

摘 要：通過分析2000—2022年耒陽市稻飛虱的發生高峰期以及測報燈誘捕稻飛虱成蟲高峰期與田間調查稻飛虱若蟲高峰期的相關性，進一步探索耒陽市稻飛虱的發生規律。研究表明，總23 a間耒陽市測報燈誘捕稻飛虱成蟲每年3月10到9月20日有5個高峰期，分別出現在5月下旬、6月下旬、7月下旬、8月下旬、9月中旬，但后13 a稻飛虱的成蟲高峰不如前10 a的高峰明顯，成蟲數量從6月到9月一直偏高；測報燈誘捕稻飛虱成蟲高峰期出現后13～18 d就出現若蟲高峰期，2種高峰期呈極顯著正相關，通過回歸分析獲得的5個經由測報燈誘捕稻飛虱成蟲高峰期起始日期預測若蟲高峰期起始日期的回歸方程，經檢驗均達到極顯著水平。因此，提出耒陽市稻飛虱的優化防控策略建議：加強預測預報，將測報燈誘捕稻飛虱成蟲高峰期出現后15～16 d預測為若蟲高峰期的起始日期，同時運用回歸方程預測若蟲高峰期；分別針對早稻和中晚稻稻飛虱科學使用藥劑；采用生態調控、農藝技術、昆蟲信息素誘控和生物防治等多種防控措施進行綜合防控。

關鍵詞：稻飛虱；燈下蟲量；田間蟲量；高峰期；相關性分析；綜合防控；預測；耒陽

中圖分類號：S435.11 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1006-060X（2023）07-0077-05

Abstract：By analyzing the 2000-2022 occurrence peak periods of rice planthoppers in Leiyang City and the correlation between peak periods of rice planthopper adults trapped by the detection and forecasting lamp and peak periods of rice planthopper nymphs in the field， the occurrence regularity of rice planthoppers in Leiyang City was explored. The study showed that annually there were five peak periods of rice planthopper adults trapped by the detection and forecasting lamp， respectively appearing in late May， late June， late July， late August and mid-September from March 1st to September 20th during the 23 years in Leiyang City. But the peaks of rice planthopper adults in the last 13 years were not as obvious as the peaks in the first 10 years， since the number of rice planthopper adults was relatively high from June to September. The nymph peak occurred 13-18 days after the peak of rice planthopper adults trapped by the detection and forecasting lamp， and the two kinds of peaks showed a very significant positive correlation. It was verified that the five regression equations obtained by the regression analysis to predict the start date of the nymph peak through the start date of the peak of adult rice planthoppers trapped by the detection and forecasting lamp all reached a very significant level. Therefore， optimized prevention and control strategies of rice planthoppers in Leiyang City were put forward： predicting the date about 15 days after the peak of rice planthopper adults trapped by the detection and forecasting lamp as the start date of the nymph peak， and using regression equations to predict the nymph peak; scientifically applying chemical and non-chemical agents for early rice， and middle and late rice planthoppers， respectively; adopting comprehensive prevention and control measures， such as ecological regulation， agronomic technology， insect pheromone inducement and biological control.

Key words： rice planthopper; number of insects under the lamp; number of insects in the field; peak period; correlation analysis; comprehensive prevention and control; forecast;Leiyang

耒陽市位于湖南省東南部，總面積為264 860 hm2，總人口為137.8萬人，常住人口為112.4萬人，轄24個鄉鎮、6個街道、380個行政村（居）。全市耕地面積為58 303.9 hm2，旱土面積為12 527 hm2，水田面積為45 574.44 hm2，水澆地面積為202.46 hm2。水稻為當地主要糧食作物，常年播種面積為68 000 hm2。稻飛虱是當地水稻生產中的主要害蟲之一，具有遷飛性、突發性和暴發性，發生面積廣，危害重，水稻極易受害減產甚至大面積枯死絕收[1]。……