湖南省農(nóng)作物秸稈可收集資源量及能源化利用潛力評價(jià)

摘 要：通過草谷比系數(shù)、秸稈可收集系數(shù)等指標(biāo)對湖南省14個(gè)市州主要農(nóng)作物秸稈的理論資源量、可收集資源量及能源化潛力量進(jìn)行了評估，以期為湖南省秸稈能源化利用提供有力的數(shù)據(jù)支撐。結(jié)果表明：2021年湖南省各市州主要農(nóng)作物秸稈的理論資源量為3 645.68萬t，可收集資源總量為2 843.57萬t，能源化潛力總量為1 422.04萬t標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤；從農(nóng)作物種類來看，湖南省水稻、油菜和玉米的秸稈可收集資源較為豐富、能源化潛力較大；從各市州來看，常德市、衡陽市、邵陽市的秸稈可收集資源比較豐富、能源化潛力較大。在此基礎(chǔ)上，從促進(jìn)秸稈高值化利用技術(shù)的發(fā)展；加強(qiáng)秸稈利用的資金扶持與政策引導(dǎo)；推進(jìn)秸稈產(chǎn)業(yè)化體系建設(shè)；通過宣傳教育提高公眾對秸稈能源化的認(rèn)知4個(gè)方面提出了推進(jìn)湖南省農(nóng)作物秸稈能源化利用的建議。

關(guān)鍵詞：湖南省；農(nóng)作物秸稈；理論資源量；可收集資源量；能源化潛力

中圖分類號(hào)：F327；S38 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A 文章編號(hào)：1006-060X（2023）07-0101-05

Abstract：The theoretical resource amount， collectable resource amount and energy potential amount of main crop straws in 14 cities and prefectures of Hunan Province were evaluated by means of the straw to grain ratio coefficient and straw collectable coefficient， so as to provide strong data support for straw energy utilization in Hunan Province. The results showed that in 2021， the theoretical resource amount of main crop straws in 14 cities and prefectures of Hunan Province was 36，456.8 thousand tons， the collectable resource amount was 28，435.7 thousand tons， and the energy potential amount was 14，220.4 thousand tons of standard coal. In terms of crop types， rice， rape and maize straws in Hunan Province were of relatively abundant collectable resources and great energy potential. In terms of cities and prefectures，" Changde， Hengyang and Shaoyang possessed relatively abundant collectable straw resources and great energy potential. Hence， the study put forward suggestions for promoting the energy utilization of crop straws in Hunan Province from four aspects： to promote the development of straw high-value utilization technology; to strengthen the financial support and policy guidance for straw utilization; to promote the construction of the straw industrialization system; to improve the public's understanding of straw energy through publicity and education.

Key words：Hunan Province; crop straw; theoretical resource amount; collectable resource amount; energy potential

于2022年發(fā)布的《農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部辦公廳關(guān)于做好2022年農(nóng)作物秸稈綜合利用工作的通知》指出，推進(jìn)農(nóng)作物秸稈綜合利用，是提升耕地質(zhì)量、改善農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村生態(tài)環(huán)境、加快農(nóng)業(yè)綠色低碳發(fā)展的重要舉措。根據(jù)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部的數(shù)據(jù)，2021年全國秸稈利用量為6.47億t，綜合利用率達(dá)88.1%，但由于技術(shù)、資金等因素限制，我國秸稈資源化利用效率較低，大量的秸稈資源沒有得到充分利用，造成較大資源浪費(fèi)和一定程度的環(huán)境污染。

目前，我國秸稈資源化利用方式多種多樣，主要包括肥料化（如秸稈還田）、飼料化、能源化（如作為生物質(zhì)燃料、秸稈發(fā)電）、基料化（如作為食用菌培養(yǎng)基質(zhì)）、原料化（如作為工業(yè)原料）利用等。……