摘 要:通過對衡陽黃花菜產業進行調查研究,發現衡陽市黃花菜產業發展整體態勢良好,種植面積逐年擴大,基地生產逐步標準化,加工方法逐漸規范,品牌建設逐步發力,但存在勞動力用工不足、加工技術落后、科研能力較低、品牌效應不強等制約因素,針對性地提出加強科技攻關、推廣新型加工技術、注重品牌塑造、政府加強引導監管等科學方法,以促進衡陽黃花菜產業健康發展。
關鍵詞:黃花菜;發展現狀;建議;衡陽
中圖分類號:S646 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1006-060X(2023)07-0106-04
Abstract:Through the investigation and research on daylily (Hemerocallis citrina) industry in Hengyang, it is found that the overall development trend of daylily industry in Hengyang is good, the planting area is expanding year by year, the base production is gradually standardized, the processing method is gradually standardized, and the brand construction is gradually strengthened. However, there are some constraints such as insufficient labor force, backward processing technology, low scientific research ability, and weak brand effect. The targeted proposals are to strengthen scientific and technological breakthrough and promote new processing technology, focus on brand building, strengthen the government's guidance and supervision, etc. to further promote the healthy development of daylily industry in Hengyang.
Key words:daylily; development status; suggestions; Hengyang
黃花菜(Hemerocallis citrina Baroni)是百合科萱草屬多年生草本植物,根莖肉質,葉狹長,細長的枝頂端開出桔紅或桔黃色的花,十分艷麗。黃花菜不僅供人觀賞,其花蕾叫金針,也可作蔬菜供人食用,深受消費者喜愛,因此在中國南北方廣為栽植。黃花菜又名萱草、諼草、安神菜、金針菜等,《救荒本草》稱它“川草花”,《古今注》稱之為“丹棘”,《說文》記載為“忘憂草”,《本草綱目》謂之“療愁”,其味甘、性平微涼, 歸肝、脾、腎經,有止血、消炎、清熱、利濕、明目、安神、乳癰、下奶等功效[1,2],有一定的藥用價值。黃花菜田間栽培管理較易,生產成本較低,且產品具備深加工潛質,可作為脫貧致富作物,近年來栽培面積和產量不斷增加。
黃花菜不耐堿,適宜種植在季風氣候下,多在山地、丘陵地區種植。目前國內黃花菜有四大主產區:湖南衡陽市祁東縣、甘肅慶陽市、陜西渭南市大荔縣、江蘇宿遷市,都已形成一定規模。據統計,2022年全國黃花菜種植面積約為 6.93萬hm2,占全球黃花菜種植面積99%以上,年產量約67.2萬t?!?br>