


摘 要:為了明確除草劑20%甲二·異丙隆OD對小麥田禾本科雜草的防效及其對作物的安全性,采用室內試驗和田間試驗評價20%甲二·異丙隆OD的殺草活性及對小麥的安全性。結果表明:室內試驗中,當濃度為3 600 g a.i./hm2時,20%甲二·異丙隆OD對禾本科雜草看麥娘、菵草和早熟禾的室內鮮重抑制率分別為82.94%、89.22%、94.75%,且對小麥幼苗生長無影響;田間試驗中,濃度3 600 g a.i./hm2施藥處理30 d后,對小麥田雜草看麥娘、菵草、繁縷的株防效和鮮重防效均大于 90%,且對小麥幼苗生長無影響。試驗結果表明,20%甲二·異丙隆OD可有效防除小麥田禾本科雜草且對小麥生長無影響,有利于有效解決小麥田草害問題,促進小麥產業節本增效、高質豐產。
關鍵詞:甲基二磺隆;異丙隆;20%甲二·異丙隆OD;除草活性;安全性;小麥;雜草
中圖分類號:S482.4 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1006-060X(2023)07-0068-05
Abstract: In order to investigate the herbicidal efficacy and crop safety of mesosulfuron-methyl·isopropyluron 20% OD on Gramineae weeds in wheat fields, indoor and field experiments were conducted. Indoor experimental results showed that at a dose of 3600 g a.i./hm2, the fresh weight inhibition rates of Alopecurus aequalis, Beckmannia syzigachne, and Poa annua were 82.94%, 89.22% and 94.75%, respectively, and there was no influence on the growth of wheat seedlings. Field plot experiment results showed that 30 days after spraying at a dose of 3600 g a.i./hm2, the plant control efficacy and fresh weight control efficacy of Alopecurus aequalis, Beckmannia syzigachne, and Stellaria media were all above 90%, and there was no visible influence on the growth of wheat seedlings. The above results indicate that mesosulfuron-methyl·isopropyluron 20% OD can effectively control Gramineae weeds in wheat fields without affecting the growth of wheat. This is beneficial for effectively solving weed problems in wheat fields, promoting cost reduction, increasing efficiency, and achieving high-quality and abundant wheat production.
Key words:mesosulfuron-methyl; isoproturon; mesosulfuron-methyl·isoproturon 20% OD; herbicidal activity; safety; wheat; weeds
小麥(Triticum aestivum)作為我國的重要糧食作物之一,具有舉足輕重的地位[1]。據統計我國小麥的種植面積占總糧食種植面積的22%左右,其產量占糧食總產量的20%以上[2]。麥田雜草一直是困擾農業工作者的棘手問題之一,其貫穿小麥的整個生育期,長期與小麥爭奪水分、養分、生態空間以及成為某些病原物的越冬越夏場所,從而對小麥的產量和品質產生重要影響[3]。麥田雜草種類繁多,在水旱輪作區以禾本科雜草為主,如看麥娘(Alopecurus aequalis Sobol.)、節節麥(Aegaiilops tauschii Coss.)、雀麥(Bromus japonicus Thunb.)、早熟禾(Poa annua L.)、菵草(Beckmannia syzigachne)等[4]。目前解決麥田雜草危害的有效手段是化學防治[5]。現如今廣泛應用于麥田的磺酰脲類除草劑有甲基二磺隆、苯磺隆、芐嘧磺隆等;……