



摘 要:以草本花卉孔雀草為試材,采用盆栽試驗方法研究了用污泥堆肥、菇渣和河沙配制成不同配比的栽培基質對孔雀草生長發育的影響。結果表明:5種基質配比的物理性狀均優于CK(園土);污泥堆肥和菇渣可促進孔雀草的生長發育,以T1處理(污泥堆肥40%、菇渣40%、河沙20%)和T2處理(污泥堆肥50%、菇渣30%、河沙20%)的孔雀草營養生長最好,T2處理的開花性狀最優,其單株花朵數是CK的189%,花朵直徑達5.53 cm,單朵花期為17.32 d,觀賞期長達115 d。綜合考慮基質的物理性狀、孔雀草的營養生長及開花情況,T2和T1處理是適合孔雀草生長發育的較優基質,用其栽培孔雀草時花朵大且花期長,觀賞期也較長。
關鍵詞:污泥堆肥;菇渣;栽培基質;孔雀草;生長發育
中圖分類號:S681.9 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1006-060X(2023)07-0046-04
Abstract:In our pot culture experiment, substrates of sewage sludge compost, mushroom residue and river sand were mixed in five proportions to study their effects on the growth and development of Tagetes erecta plants. The results showed that physical properties of the five proportions of substrate combinations all were superior to those of CK (garden soil); sewage sludge compost and mushroom residue facilitated the growth and development of Tagetes erecta plants; particularly, the vegetable growth of Tagetes erecta plants in T1 (40% sewage sludge compost, 40% mushroom residue and 20% river sand) and T2 (50% sewage sludge compost, 30% mushroom residue and 20% river sand) was the best. The superlative flowering characteristics were observed in T2, of which the number of flowers per plant was 189% of that of CK, flower diameter was up to 5.53 cm, with a 17.32 d of single flower duration and a 115 d of total ornamental duration. In sum, T1 and T2 are the better combinations for the growth and development of Tagetes erecta plants, producing big flowers, long flowering period and long ornamental duration.
Key words:sewage sludge compost; mushroom residue; cultivation substrate; Tagetes erecta; growth and development
草本花卉在園林景觀中具有獨特的作用,它花繁色艷、花期集中,可種植于花壇、庭院、景觀道路等,在五一、國慶等節日期間常被大量使用。草本花卉栽培時基質使用量大,且要求基質能在短期內提供植株生育期所需的全部營養,并具有利于根系生長的良好物理結構,目前常用的栽培基質為泥炭或者泥炭復合物。泥炭的穩定性高、持水力強且通氣性能良好,是業內公認的最佳栽培基質,但泥炭過度開采不僅會破壞生態環境,而且其使用成本高,因此泥炭替代物的開發已成為研究熱點[1]。隨著城鎮化的迅速發展,城鎮污水集中處理量越來越大,城市污泥的安全處置已成為急需解決的環境問題,將城市污泥資源化利用是城市污泥安全處置的有效途徑[2]。……