10個(gè)茶樹(shù)品種在甘肅隴南地區(qū)的適應(yīng)性評(píng)價(jià)?

摘 要：以當(dāng)?shù)刂髟圆铇?shù)品種龍井43為對(duì)照，對(duì)新引進(jìn)的福鼎大白茶等10個(gè)品種進(jìn)行生物學(xué)性狀、生長(zhǎng)勢(shì)、鮮葉產(chǎn)量、抗寒性等比較分析，以期篩選出適宜甘肅隴南地區(qū)種植的茶樹(shù)品種。結(jié)果表明：（1）11個(gè)品種在生物學(xué)性狀方面差異顯著，其中川農(nóng)黃芽早、梅占、福鼎大白茶、名山特早311等生長(zhǎng)良好，中茶108、安吉白茶2個(gè)品種的發(fā)芽密度、百芽重表現(xiàn)均差于對(duì)照；（2）從生長(zhǎng)勢(shì)來(lái)看，川農(nóng)黃芽早、福鼎大白茶各性狀表現(xiàn)最為優(yōu)良，梅占次之，安吉白茶與對(duì)照相當(dāng)，中茶108差于對(duì)照；（3）從產(chǎn)量來(lái)看，福鼎大白茶和川農(nóng)黃芽早產(chǎn)量顯著高于其他品種；（4）從抗寒能力來(lái)看，川農(nóng)黃芽早、福鼎大白茶、中茶108抗寒性強(qiáng)，梅占抗寒性差。綜合考慮認(rèn)為，甘肅隴南地區(qū)最適宜引進(jìn)的品種為川農(nóng)黃芽早、福鼎大白茶，可進(jìn)一步示范種植，不建議引進(jìn)梅占、中茶108和安吉白茶這3個(gè)品種。

關(guān)鍵詞：茶樹(shù)；品種適應(yīng)性；甘肅隴南

中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)：S571.1 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A 文章編號(hào)：1006-060X（2023）07-0030-04

Abstract：Ten newly introduced tea varieties were compared in respect of biological characteristics， growth potential， fresh leaf yield and cold resistance with the local main tea variety Longjing 43 as control in order to screen out tea varieties suitable for planting in Longnan， Gansu. The results showed that： （1） There were significant differences in biological traits among the 11 varieties; ChuannongHuangyazao， Meizhan， FudingDabaicha and MingshanTezao 311 grew well， but the germination density and 100-bud weight of Zhongcha 108 and AnjiBaicha were lower than those of the control. （2） From the perspective of growth potential， ChuannongHuangyazao and FudingDabaicha performed the best， followed by Meizhan， AnjiBaicha was on a par with the control， and Zhongcha 108 was weaker than the control. （3） From the aspect of yield， FudingDabaicha and ChuannongHuangyazao were significantly higher than the other varieties. （4） In terms of cold resistance， ChuannongHuangyazao， FudingDabaicha and Zhongcha 108 had strong cold resistance， while Meizhan had poor cold resistance. To sum up， among the 10 varieties， ChuannongHuangyazao and FudingDabaicha are the most suitable ones to be introduced to Longnan， Gansu for further demonstrative planting， while Meizhan， Zhongcha 108 and AnjiBaicha are not recommended for introduction.

Key words： tea plant; varietal adaptability; Longnan of Gansu Province

甘肅省隴南市文縣地處秦巴山地與岷山山脈、黃土高原交匯地帶，境內(nèi)氣候溫和、雨量充沛、林灌茂密、云霧繚繞，溫度、濕度、土壤都適宜茶樹(shù)生長(zhǎng)，從1960年引進(jìn)茶樹(shù)開(kāi)始，已有超過(guò)60 a的種植歷史[1]，與康縣、武都并稱(chēng)為甘肅省茶葉產(chǎn)區(qū)“金三角”[2]。目前，文縣茶園以老品種居多，缺乏優(yōu)質(zhì)、高產(chǎn)、適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)的新品種，且品種數(shù)量相對(duì)量較少、結(jié)構(gòu)單一，相同的鮮葉原料生產(chǎn)對(duì)產(chǎn)品的特色化、多樣化造成極大的局限性[3]，而且老品種大多病蟲(chóng)害多、品質(zhì)差、產(chǎn)量不高，這些都限制了文縣茶產(chǎn)業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。……