



摘 要:為了篩選出適宜永州地區推廣種植的高產、優質中稻品種,選用近年來選育并在湖南省大面積推廣的優良中稻品種,在永州地區開展了中稻新品種適應性及高產特性田間比較試驗。通過對不同品種的生育期、農藝性狀、產量與產量構成以及病蟲害抗性進行對比分析,篩選出了4個豐產性好、生育期適中、綜合性狀表現較優的品種適宜在永州地區推廣種植,其中,隆晶優1195的產量最高,達739.16 kg/667m2,比晶兩優華占(CK)增產7.89%,全生育期128 d;隆晶優蒂占的產量第二,為728.00 kg/667m2,比CK增產6.26%,全生期126 d;瑋兩優1206的產量第三,為714.16 kg/667m2,比CK增產4.24%,全生育期130 d;晶兩優蒂占的產量與CK相當,為684.74 kg/667m2,全生育期132。
關鍵詞:中稻;品種篩選;適應性;高產;優質;永州
中圖分類號:S511 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1006-060X(2023)06-0026-04
Abstract:In order to screen out high-yield, high-quality mid-season rice varieties suitable for planting and promotion in Yongzhou area, nine new mid-season varieties of national second-class high-quality were used as materials to carry out field adaptability and high-yield demonstration comparison test in Lingling District of Yongzhou. By comparing and analyzing the characteristics of growth duration, agronomic traits, yield, yield composition and pest resistance, four varieties with high fertility, moderate growth duration and good comprehensive traits were screen out; among them, Longjingyou 1195, with a 128 d whole growth duration, yielded the highest, up to 11,087.4 kg/hm2, 7.89% higher than JingliangyouHuazhan (CK); LongjingyouDizhan ranked the second by a yield of 10,920.0 kg/hm2, 6.26% higher than CK, whose whole growth duration was 126 d; Weiliangyou 1206, with a whole growth duration of 130 d, yielded 10,712.4 kg/hm2, ranking the third and surpassing CK by 4.24%; underwent a 132 d whole growth duration, JingliangyouDizhan yielded 10,271.1 kg/hm2, similar to CK.
Key words:mid-season rice; varietal screening; adaptability; high yield ; high quality; Yongzhou
水稻是世界上最主要的糧食作物之一,全球有一半以上的人口以稻米為主食。水稻也是我國三大糧食作物之一,據國家統計局統計,2022年我國水稻播種面積達29 450.10×103 hm2,總產量達20 849.50萬t,是世界上水稻種植面積第二大國和水稻產量第一大國。近年來,隨著農業從業人數的驟降,水稻生產面臨嚴重的結構性問題,單季稻播種面積逐年提高[1-2]。為了保障糧食安全,恢復土壤地力,國家大力推進稻—油,稻—再生稻—油、稻—綠肥,稻—蔬菜等復種模式,并取得了階段性成果[3]。
中稻由于生育期較長,其生物產量和經濟產量均比早稻和晚稻高,但是由于其灌漿期往往與高溫晴熱天氣重合,稻米外觀品質和食用品質長期以來處于較低水平[4]。隨著我國經濟的快速發展和人民生活水平的不斷提高,人民不僅要求吃飽更要求吃得安全與吃得好,這就導致了普通中稻稻谷的銷售價格偏低,且常出現滯銷現象。……