69份穇子種質(zhì)資源的營養(yǎng)品質(zhì)綜合評價

摘 要：評價穇子種質(zhì)資源的營養(yǎng)品質(zhì)，篩選出營養(yǎng)品質(zhì)優(yōu)良的穇子種質(zhì)資源，為穇子育種親本選擇及其種質(zhì)資源有效利用提供參考。以69份不同產(chǎn)地的穇子資源為試驗(yàn)材料，測定其籽粒中淀粉、蛋白質(zhì)、膳食纖維、礦物質(zhì)等11項(xiàng)營養(yǎng)成分指標(biāo)的含量，對測定結(jié)果進(jìn)行品質(zhì)分析、相關(guān)性分析及主成分分析，并采用相似優(yōu)先比及隸屬函數(shù)法對各材料主要營養(yǎng)品質(zhì)進(jìn)行了綜合評價。結(jié)果表明：不同地區(qū)穇子中含有大量的鈣元素（99.7～324.0 mg/100g）、鉀元素（321.7～734.0 mg/100g）及膳食纖維（9.7～13.0 g/100g）；穇子中有機(jī)營養(yǎng)成分間相關(guān)性顯著；通過相似優(yōu)先比及隸屬函數(shù)法對營養(yǎng)價值進(jìn)行綜合排序，篩選出營養(yǎng)價值排在前5的品種，分別為C39、C50、C34、C64和C62。綜合分析評價得到超高鈣穇子資源C50、C64；超高鉀穇子資源C34、C39、C50；高膳食纖維穇子資源C34、C39、C62、C64。

關(guān)鍵詞：穇子；營養(yǎng)品質(zhì)；主成分分析；綜合評價

中圖分類號：S482.4 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼：A 文章編號：1006-060X（2023）07-0020-06

Abstract：This study aims to screen out finger millet （Eleusine coracana） germplasm resources with excellent nutritional quality， providing reference for parent selection and effective utilization of finger millet germplasm resources. Eleven nutritional indexes of grains of 69 finger millet germplasms， including starch， protein， dietary fiber and mineral contents were determined; the correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to analyze the obtained data， and the main nutritional quality of each material was comprehensively evaluated by the similarity priority ratio and membership function methods. Results showed that these finger millet germplasms from different origins were rich in calcium （99.7-324.0 mg/100g）， potassium （321.7-734.0 mg/100g） and dietary fiber （9.7-13.0 g/100g） . Significant correlationships were found between the organic nutrient indexes of finger millet germplasms. The similarity priority ratio and membership function methods revealed that five cultivars with the highest nutritional values were C39， C50， C34， C64 and C62 in comprehensive ranking， among which C50 and C64 were super high calcium resources， C34 ， C39 and C50 were super high potassium resources， and C34， C39， C62 and C64 were high dietary fiber resources.

Key words： finger millet （Eleusine coracana）; nutritional quality; principal component analysis; comprehensive evaluation

穇子（Eleusine coracana（L.）Gaertn.）是一種營養(yǎng)價值高、適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)的谷類作物，素有“黑珍珠”之稱[1]。在營養(yǎng)方面，穇子富含蛋白質(zhì)、膳食纖維、礦物質(zhì)和必需氨基酸。膳食纖維含量高達(dá)9.7%～13.0%[2-4]，礦物質(zhì)含量占2.5%～3.5%[2-5]，其中鈣含量是糙米、小麥或玉米的10倍，是牛奶的3倍[6]，微量元素營養(yǎng)密度高于水稻和小麥[4-5]。在功能方面，穇子具有抗氧化、抗癌、抗高血脂、預(yù)防糖尿病和胃腸疾病等生理功能[6-7]。不同產(chǎn)區(qū)的穇子品質(zhì)特性存在差異，通過多指標(biāo)、多重分析方法綜合評價不同穇子的營養(yǎng)特性，這對于穇子的品種選育和綜合利用具有重要意義。目前，我國對穇子的研……