張薇 蔡敏
摘 要:多民族城市居住融合是民族交往交流交融的重要表征,與社會穩定團結密切相關。選取呼和浩特市為案例地,研究結果表明:從明代至今該區域內部民族間居住空間經歷了“極化—過渡—局部融合—全域融合”的演變過程,充分體現了族群在居所選擇及生活交往方面的融合過程。這一演變過程的治理對策在于構建“多元一體”文化認同,調節完善政策環境,促進社會資源均等化,營造和諧社會環境等。
關鍵詞:多民族城市;居住融合;演進特征;呼和浩特
Characteristics and Implications of Residential Integration Evolution
in Multiethnic Cities
——A Case Study of Hohhot
Zhang Wei Cai Min
(School of Government Management,Inner Mongolia Normal University;Hohhot 010022)
Abstract:Residential integration in multiethnic cities is an important manifestation of interethnic communication,interaction,and fusion,which is closely related to social stability and unity.Taking Hohhot as a case study,the research results show that the residential spatial evolution among different ethnic groups in this region has undergone a process of “polarization - transition - partial integration - full integration” from the Ming Dynasty to the present,fully reflecting the integration process of ethnic groups in terms of their residential choices and daily interactions.The governance strategies for this evolutionary process include constructing a “pluralistic unity” cultural identity,adjusting and improving policy environments,promoting equalization of social resources,and fostering a harmonious social environment.
Key words:Multiethnic cities;Residential integration;Evolutionary characteristics;Hohhot
一、引言
改革開放以來,隨著計劃經濟向市場經濟轉變,中國社會自由度大幅度提升,人口的城鄉流動成為常態,帶動了邊疆地區城市化的快速發展。大規模的人口涌入和集聚,產生了“城市多民族化”和“少數民族城市化”兩類進程,助推城市內部族際居住空間格局的變化,進而在部分區域出現民族間居住分異現象。[1]這類現象使民族交往交流交融出現了一定程度的困境,造成了少數民族對其定居城市認同與融入的阻滯,同時族際關系也呈現出更為動態和多元分化發展的圖景。[2]如何立足現實“多元”鑄牢“一體”,成為當下多民族國家面臨的重要任務。為此,新時代黨中央對事關民族工作、民族交往交流交融全局性和長遠性的一系列重大問題提出了富有創見的新理念、新思想、新論斷和新要求。尤其是“推動建立各民族相互嵌入式的社會結構和社區環境”這一民族工作指導方針的提出,明確了族際生活方式、社會參與、經濟文化等方面的融合互通所賦予的意義?!?br>