

摘 要:戰國秦漢時期,河套地區是中原王朝的北疆咽喉所在。為了有效地控制這一地區,從趙武靈王開始,一直到西漢武帝時期,均沿著陰山山脈東西一線構筑長城防御體系,今天可見“故河南塞”長城、陰山長城、秦始皇長城、陽山長城、外城等數條線路。通過對這幾條長城線路的調查與研究,充分反映了這一時期中原王朝管轄的北部邊疆有著一個不斷擴大的過程。
關鍵詞:河套地區;陰山山脈;戰國秦漢長城;北部邊疆
Several Issues on the Great Wall of the Qin
and Han Dynasties in the Hetao Region
Zhang Wenping
(Inner Mongolia Museum,Hohhot 010000)
Abstract:During the period of the Qin and Han Dynasties,the Hetao region was the northern borderland of the Central Plains dynasties.In order to effectively control this area,a defense system of the Great Wall was constructed along the east-west line of the Yinshan Mountains from the reign of King Wuling of Zhao to the Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty.Today,several routes of the Great Wall such as the Guhenansai Great Wall,the Yinshan Great Wall,the Qinshihuang Great Wall,the Yangshan Great Wall,and the Outer Wall can be seen in this area.Through the investigation and study of these Great Wall routes,it fully reflects the process of expanding the northern borderlands under the jurisdiction of the Central Plains dynasties during this period.
Key words:Hetao region;Yinshan Mountains;Great Wall of the Qin and Han Dynasties;northern borderlands
中國的疆土,西北高、東南低,地理學上從東北向西南畫了一條直線,把二者區分開來,一般稱作“胡煥庸線”。這條線從黑龍江省黑河市到云南省騰沖市,大致為傾斜45度直線。線東南方以平原、水網、丘陵、喀斯特和丹霞地貌為主要地理結構,自古以農耕為經濟基礎;線西北方人口密度極低,是草原、沙漠和雪域高原的世界,自古以來為游牧民族的天下。
農耕民族的特點是人口增長較快,需要不斷擴大可耕地范圍,于是“胡煥庸線”以西大大小小的山間平原、盆地也逐漸為農耕民族所占據,而河套地區正是這樣一片適合農耕的土地。
東周時期,中原地區春秋列國爭霸,大魚吃小魚,大國不斷兼并小國,最終形成了戰國時期的“七雄”?!捌咝邸敝械内w國、秦國,均北鄰河套地區,兩個國家都將目光瞄向了這里。這一時期,河套地區活動的游牧部族有林胡、樓煩等。公元前4世紀末期,趙武靈王推行“胡服騎射”的變革,擴展勢力范圍至今天大青山—烏拉山以南的呼和浩特平原、包頭平原,更大的意圖是過黃河進入鄂爾多斯高原南下攻秦。……