蘇慧霜
摘 要:敦煌遺書主要是唐五代時期的寫本和刻書,其中伯二四八八、伯二六二一、伯二七一二收錄《漁父歌滄浪賦》(三卷)。同時,敦煌舊鈔亦見存《楚辭音》殘卷,敦煌遺書與殘卷的發現,見證隋唐《楚辭》的流傳。本文就敦煌遺書中的《漁父歌滄浪賦》寫卷分析,從楚辭到唐賦,觀察辭賦同源流變的軌跡,思考敦煌《楚辭》研究的新方向。
關鍵詞:楚辭漁父;漁父歌;滄浪賦;楚辭音;敦煌寫卷;唐賦
An Analysis of the Dunhuang Manuscript
“Fishermans Song of the East Sea Ode”
Su HuiShuang
(Department of Chinese Literature,National Changhua University of Education,Changhua City)
Abstract:The Dunhuang manuscripts consist mainly of Tang and Five Dynasties period handwritten and engraved books. Among them,the manuscripts numbered 2488,2621,and 2712 include “Fisherman's Song of the East Sea Ode” (three volumes).In addition,remnants of “Chu Ci Yin” (the music of Chu poems) were also found in the Dunhuang old notes.The discovery of Dunhuang manuscripts and remnants of “Chu Ci Yin” testifies to the dissemination of “Chu Ci” (a poetic anthology from the Warring States period) during the Sui and Tang dynasties.This paper focuses on the analysis of the Dunhuang manuscript “Fishermans Song of the East Sea Ode,” traces the evolution of poetic expressions from “Chu Ci” to Tang dynasty poetry,and considers new directions for the study of “Chu Ci” in Dunhuang.
Key words:Chu Ci;Fishermans Song;East Sea Ode;Chu Ci Yin;Dunhuang manuscript;Tang dynasty poetry
一、前言
自西漢劉向集楚辭、東漢王逸作《楚辭章句》以后,《楚辭》專書至宋而大興,晁補之《重編楚辭》、洪興祖《楚辭補注》、楊萬里《天問天對解》、朱熹《楚辭集注》《楚辭后語》、錢杲之《離騷集傳》、吳仁杰《離騷草木疏》、謝翱《楚辭芳草譜》專書繼出[1],洪興祖《楚辭補注》[2]、晁補之“楚辭三種”:《重編楚辭》(十六卷)、《續楚辭》(二十卷)、《變離騷》(二十卷)[3]、朱熹《楚辭集注》等更是重中之重的《楚辭》專著,還有熟諳楚賦的蘇軾“手校《楚辭》十卷”[4]。相形之下,唐代《楚辭》專著不多,唐代《楚辭》研究一直是相對匱乏的。敦煌寫卷的出現,大量唐代傳抄的詩賦寫本面世,彌補了唐代研究的缺憾。
敦煌寫卷中以賦為體,原卷篇題標名為“賦”的二十八篇作品中,《漁父歌滄浪賦》(三卷)分別載于敦煌遺書伯二四八八、伯二六二一、伯二七一二。伯二四八八卷前題:“前進士何蠲撰”。何蠲為唐代進士,寫卷賦云:“昔漁父兮泛彼中流,逢逐臣兮滄浪渡頭。”借漁父之歌賦滄浪之情。賦中漁父自言:“愚本楚人,家于楚地”,顯示與《楚辭·漁父》同為楚歌一系,《漁父……