石永軍 楊奡 陳競軒



Reconstruction of Traditional News by Newsgames From the Perspective of Intertextuality: Take the 2020 US Presidential Election Coverage as an Example
Shi Yongjun Yang Ao Chen Jingxuan
Abstract: In the creation process of newsgames, the information elements are re-integrated and distributed in a gamified way of thinking, thus highlighting the intertextual relationship among them. Its intertextuality is mainly reflected in the intertextuality between texts, the intertextuality between different text elements and the new intertextuality generated by user participation. When making newsgame products, newsgame builders should emphasize the intertextuality of narrative texts and the “forecast” function derived from them, and use the “forecast” function to extend the meaning of news from the present to the future. At the same time, the emergence of newsgames does not mean the transfer of responsibilities of news practitioners. Only by achieving a balance between news and gameplay, and taking greater responsibility, can we reasonably deal with the opportunities and challenges in the context of media integration.
Key words: Newsgames; Intertextuality; Media convergence
摘 要:新聞游戲在創作過程中,對信息要素以游戲化的思維方式進行重新整合與分流,從而凸顯其中的互文關系。其互文性主要體現在文本與文本間、不同文本要素間和用戶參與所產生的新的互文。新聞游戲建構者在制作新聞游戲產品時,應當要強調敘事文本的互文性和其中引申出的“預知”功能,利用“預知”功能將新聞的意義由現下向未來延展。同時,新聞游戲的出現不意味著新聞從業者責任的轉移,只有達成新聞性和游戲性的平衡,并承擔起更大的責任, 才能合理應對媒體融合大環境下的機遇與挑戰。
關鍵詞:新聞游戲;互文性;媒體融合
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一、從傳統新聞到新聞游戲
新聞游戲是指以“新聞”為核心,以“游戲”為傳播載體,通過用戶的互動參與和控制促成信息的傳播與理解 a,以交互參與行為減輕傳統新聞內容的抽象和枯燥,達到生動、準確地傳達核心價值觀的效果和目的。早在 1999 年,烏拉圭游戲設計師貢薩洛·弗拉斯卡(Gonzalo Frasca)在《當游戲學遭遇敘事學:游戲與敘事的異同》中提出了“游戲學”的概念。2003 年, 弗拉斯卡在其創辦的 Newsgaming.com 新聞游戲網站中首次提出了“游戲新聞”這一術語,他以反恐、反戰為中心思想,依據“9·11”事件中平民傷亡為題材制作首個新聞游戲《9 月 12 日》(Septemb-er 12th),從此新聞游戲成了學界和業界關注的焦點。2013 年,英國廣播公司(BBC) 在報道敘利亞難民危機時打造了《敘利亞之旅》新聞游戲,2015 ?年《衛報》在報道奧斯卡頒獎典禮時應用了《你不……