硫酸鎂預防剖宮產術產婦寒戰的meta分析

尚勇 李帆 胡振飛 鄒田田

[摘要] 目的 評估硫酸鎂預防剖宮產術產婦寒戰的臨床應用效果。 方法 計算機檢索PubMed、The Cochrane Library（2019年第8期）、EMbase、萬方數據知識服務平臺（WanFang Data）、中國知網（CNKI）、中國生物醫學文獻數據庫（CBM），查找有關硫酸鎂對實施剖宮產術的產婦寒戰影響的隨機對照試驗（RCT），檢索時限為建庫—2019年8月。根據所納入RCT參考文獻的相關文獻進行追溯。采用RevMan 5.3軟件進行meta分析，GRADE證據質量評價評估meta分析結果的證據等級。 結果 最終納入15篇文獻，1043例患者，使用硫酸鎂患者532例。meta分析結果顯示：試驗組產婦寒戰發生率低于對照組（RR = 0.48，95%CI：0.37～0.63，P < 0.000 01）。靜脈注射亞組產婦寒戰發生率低于對照組（RR = 0.46，95%CI：0.33～0.66，P < 0.0001）;蛛網膜下腔注射亞組產婦寒戰發生率與對照組比較，差異無統計學意義（P = 0.12）;硬膜外注射亞組產婦寒戰發生率低于對照組（RR = 0.38，95%CI：0.21～0.67，P = 0.0009）。蛛網膜下腔麻醉亞組產婦寒戰發生率低于對照組（RR = 0.53，95%CI：0.36～0.78，P = 0.001）;腰硬聯合麻醉亞組產婦寒戰發生率低于對照組（RR = 0.45，95%CI：0.29～0.68，P = 0.0002）。不同給藥方式亞組meta分析結果質量等級均為“Moderate”。 結論 靜脈注射、硬膜外注射硫酸鎂能夠預防行剖宮產術產婦寒戰的發生，但蛛網膜下腔注射硫酸鎂預防行剖宮產術產婦寒戰的效果尚待評估。

[關鍵詞] 硫酸鎂;剖宮產術;寒戰;meta分析

[中圖分類號] R714.3? ? ? ? ? [文獻標識碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1673-7210（2020）07（c）-0103-06

Meta-analysis of Magnesium Sulfate to prevent shivering during cesarean section

SHANG Yong? ?LI Fan? ?HU Zhenfei? ?ZOU Tiantian

Department of Anesthesiology， the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University， Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region， Urumqi? ?830054， China

[Abstract] Objective To evaluate the effect of Magnesium Sulfate to prevent shivering during cesarean section. Methods Databases including PubMed， The Cochrane Library （Issue 8， 2019）， EMbase， Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform （WanFang Data）， China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， China Biology Medicine disc （CBM） were searched for computer to collect the randomized controlled trails （RCT） about the effect of Magnesium Sulfate on shivering for cesarean section. The retrieval time limit from repository to August 2019. The literature was tracked based on the references included in the RCT. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 software， GRADE of evidence quality was used to evaluate the evidence level of meta-analysis results. Results Finally， 15 references were included， including 1043 patients and 532 patients with Magnesium Sulfate. The results of meta-analysis showed that： the incidence of shivering in experimental group was lower than that in control group （RR = 0.48， 95%CI：0.37-0.63， P < 0.000 01）. The incidence of shivering in intravenous subgroup was lower than that in control group （RR = 0.46， 95%CI：0.33-0.66， P < 0.0001）; the incidence of shivering in subarachnoid injection subgroup had no statistically significant difference compared with control group （P = 0.12）; the incidence of shivering in epidural injection subgroup was lower than that in control group （RR = 0.38， 95%CI：0.21-0.67， P = 0.0009）. The incidence of shivering in subarachnoid anesthesia subgroup was lower than that in control group （RR = 0.53， 95%CI： 0.36-0.78， P = 0.001）; the incidence of shivering in combined lumbar and epidural anesthesia subgroup was lower than that in control group （RR = 0.45， 95%CI： 0.29-0.68， P = 0.0002）. Meta-analysis results for different administration subgroups were all evaluated as “Moderate”. Conclusion Intravenous injection and epidural injection of Magnesium Sulfate can prevent shivering in cesarean section， but the effect of subarachnoid injection of Magnesium Sulfate to prevent the occurrence of shivering in cesarean section remains to be evaluated.

蛛網膜下腔麻醉是剖宮產術常用的麻醉方式，具有起效快、麻醉效果確切等諸多優點。硫酸鎂具有抑制子宮收縮、治療胎兒宮內窘迫的作用。本研究中有6篇[9，11，13，15-17]經蛛網膜下腔注射硫酸鎂，但亞組分析結果卻顯示，硫酸鎂蛛網膜下腔注射亞組產婦寒戰發生率與對照組比較，差異無統計學意義（P = 0.12），在預防剖宮產術寒戰方面并未體現出明顯優勢。在3種給藥方式中，靜脈注射硫酸鎂能夠使藥物快速發揮其藥理作用。研究顯示[8，17]，蛛網膜下腔注射、硬膜外注射硫酸鎂具有較高安全性。與蛛網膜下腔注射比較，硬膜外注射后，藥物沿硬膜外間隙上下擴散，在此過程中部分藥物經毛細血管吸收入血而發揮作用，但蛛網膜下腔注射給藥并無上述過程[24]。因此，蛛網膜下腔注射與硬膜外注射的上述區別可能是導致蛛網膜下腔注射硫酸鎂在預防寒戰方面效果不佳的原因。

本研究共納入15篇[7-21]RCT，其中7篇[8，11-12，14-15，17-18]采用分配隱藏，納入研究整體質量尚可但仍存在局限性。首先，所納入部分研究未報告研究對象年齡、各研究間硫酸鎂用藥劑量不同，可能影響本研究結果的可靠性;其次，15篇[7-21]RCT均為小樣本量，所得結論仍需進一步加以明確;最后，硫酸鎂不同給藥方式的亞組meta分析結果質量等級均為“Moderate（中）”，故所得結論仍需更多高質量RCT加以驗證。

綜上所述，靜脈注射、硬膜外注射硫酸鎂能夠預防行剖宮產術產婦寒戰的發生，但蛛網膜下腔注射硫酸鎂預防行剖宮產術產婦寒戰的效果尚待評估。

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（收稿日期：2019-12-06）