黃紅來



【摘要】 目的:探討腹腔鏡手術+甲氨蝶呤對異位妊娠患者生育功能的影響。方法:選取2013年1月-2016年1月在筆者所在醫院接受治療的82例異位妊娠患者,隨機分為對照組(n=40)和觀察組(n=42)。對照組進行腹腔鏡手術治療,觀察組在此基礎上使用藥物甲氨蝶呤,比較兩組術中出血量、手術時間、術后β-人絨毛膜促性腺激素(β-hCG)降至正常時間、住院時間;檢測術前和術后24 h兩組凝血功能和孕酮水平并進行對比分析;治療后6個月,檢查并記錄患者輸卵管通暢率,統計3年內正常妊娠率、再次異位妊娠率。結果:觀察組術中出血量少于對照組,手術時間、術后β-hCG降至正常時間、住院時間均短于對照組,差異均有統計學意義(P<0.05)。治療前兩組孕酮及凝血功能比較差異無統計學意義(P>0.05),治療后,觀察組凝血酶時間短于對照組,孕酮水平低于對照組,纖維蛋白原濃度高于對照組,差異均有統計學意義(P<0.05)。治療后6個月,觀察組輸卵管通暢率高于對照組,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05);治療后3年內觀察組再次異位妊娠率低于對照組,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05);兩組治療后3年內正常妊娠率比較差異無統計學意義(P>0.05)。結論:與單純腹腔鏡手術治療異位妊娠患者相比,腹腔鏡手術+甲氨蝶呤治療效果更好,能夠縮短治療時間,加快患者恢復,增大患者宮內受孕的概率。
【關鍵詞】 異位妊娠 甲氨蝶呤 腹腔鏡手術 生育功能
doi:10.14033/j.cnki.cfmr.2020.02.062 文獻標識碼 B 文章編號 1674-6805(2020)02-0-03
[Abstract] Objective: To explore the effect of laparoscopic surgery plus Methotrexate on reproductive function in patients with ectopic pregnancy. Method: Eighty-two patients with ectopic pregnancy who received treatment in the author's hospital from January 2013 to January 2016 were selected, and were randomly divided into control group (n=40) and observation group (n=42). The control group was treated with laparoscopic surgery, while the observation group was treated with Methotrexate on this basis. The amount of intraoperative bleeding, the time of operation, the time of β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) to normal and the time of hospitalization were compared between the two groups. The coagulation function and progesterone level were measured before and 24 hours after operation. Six months after treatment, the tubal patency rate was examined and recorded, and the normal pregnancy rate and the rate of ectopic pregnancy again within 3 years were counted. Result: The amount of blood loss in the observation group was less than that in the control group, the operation time, the postoperative β-hCG decreased to normal time, and the hospitalization time was shorter than that in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in progesterone and coagulation function between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05). After treatment, the time of thrombin in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group, the level of progesterone was lower than that in the control group, and the concentration of fibrinogen was higher than that in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Six months after treatment, the tubal patency rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), the rate of ectopic pregnancy in the observation group was lower than that in the control group within 3 years after treatment (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the normal pregnancy rate between the two groups within 3 years after treatment (P>0.05). Conclusion: Compared with simple laparoscopic surgery for ectopic pregnancy, laparoscopic surgery plus Methotrexate is more effective; it can shorten the treatment time, accelerate the recovery of patients, and increase the probability of intrauterine pregnancy.
在腹腔鏡手術中,絨毛的活性越高,出血量會越多。聯合使用甲氨蝶呤治療,能降低絨毛活性,從而減少術中的出血量,縮短手術的時間;并且減少了反復電凝止血對身體的傷害,使得病情得到更好的控制,能提高妊娠的成功率。在本研究中,觀察組的手術時間和住院天數比對照組更短,則表明觀察組預后恢復時間更快,治療效果更好。在一定的范圍內,β-hCG波動能反映異位妊娠的治療效果。腹腔鏡手術中,注射甲氨蝶呤能夠提高術后β-hCG的下降速度,局部藥物濃度較高,其治療作用強;使得分布至全身的藥量較少,副作用降低,安全性較好。在本研究中,對β-hCG含量進行監測,觀察組β-hCG降至正常的時間早于對照組,說明觀察組的治愈率更高,安全性更好,恢復更快。
異位妊娠的致死率與輸卵管破裂大出血有關。輸卵管破裂會導致內源性凝血途徑的啟動,導致患者凝血功能的降低。腹腔鏡手術中,注射甲氨蝶呤,會使凝血酶時間降低,纖維蛋白原的含量升高,表明異常抗凝的情況減少,對患者的凝血功能進行了改善,加快了患者的恢復。本研究中,手術24 h后,觀察組孕酮水平低于對照組,表明腹腔鏡手術中注射甲氨蝶呤,患者的孕酮水平降低更快。輸卵管的通暢極大程度影響著女性宮內受孕,治療6個月后,觀察組輸卵管通暢率提高,增加了患者再次宮內受孕的概率。單純腹腔鏡手術易殘留滋養細胞,會發生再次異位妊娠;聯合注射甲氨蝶呤,能夠對滋養細胞的增生進行抑制,減少異位妊娠的發生。手術結束后的3年內觀察組再次異位妊娠率低于對照組,說明觀察組治療效果更好。手術后3年內兩組患者正常妊娠率無明顯差異。
綜上所述,腹腔鏡手術+甲氨蝶呤治療與單純腹腔鏡手術對比,能夠縮短治療時間,加快患者的恢復;能降低再次異位妊娠發生率,增大宮內受孕的概率,對患者的生育功能有良好的影響。
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(收稿日期:2019-09-06) (本文編輯:馬竹君)