鄭莉斯 黃樂平



[摘要]目的 探討快速康復護理在全膝關節置換術圍術期的應用效果。方法 選取2018年3~12月在我院住院行全膝關節置換術80例患者作為研究對象,按隨機數字表法分成對照組和觀察組,每組各40例。觀察組給予符合快速康復外科理念的護理措施,對照組給予常規圍手期護理,比較兩組術后第1、3、7天的膝關節功能和疼痛情況,術后并發癥總發生率、術后首次下床活動時間、住院時間及護理滿意度評分。結果 術后第1、3、7天,觀察組膝關節功能評分[(62.08±7.14)、(75.37±6.05)、(83.52±4.67)分]高于對照組[(58.02±6.69)、(72.22±5.82)、(78.26±5.39)分],差異有統計學意義(P<0.05);觀察組疼痛評分[(6.33±1.54)、(4.53±1.12)、(2.36±1.04)分]均低于對照組[(7.27±1.36)、(5.29±1.53)、(3.22±0.98)分],差異有統計學意義(P<0.05)。觀察組術后并發癥總發生率(10.00%)低于對照組(37.50%),差異有統計學意義(P<0.05);觀察組術后首次下床活動時間[(1.24±0.56)d]短于對照組[(2.46±0.84)d],差異有統計學意義(P<0.05);觀察組住院時間[(6.82±1.62)d]短于對照組[(11.38±2.28)d],差異有統計學意義(P<0.05);觀察組的護理滿意度評分[(35.17±2.35)分]高于對照組[(33.55±2.08)分],差異有統計學意義(P<0.05)。結論 快速康復護理能促進膝關節功能恢復,減輕疼痛,促進患者早期下床活動,縮短住院時間,提高患者的護理滿意度評分。
[關鍵詞]快速康復;全膝關節置換;圍術期;護理
[中圖分類號] R473.6 ? ? [文獻標識碼] A ? ? [文章編號] 1674-4721(2019)9(b)-0213-04
Application effect of rapid rehabilitation nursing in perioperative period of total knee arthroplasty
ZHENG Li-si1? ?HUANG Le-ping2
1. Department of Orthopedic, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital? Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University Medical College, Guangdong Province, Guanzhou? ?510220, China; 2. Department of Radiology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital? Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University Medical College, Guangdong Province, Guanzhou? ?510220, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect of rapid rehabilitation nursing in the perioperative period of total knee arthroplasty. Methods A total of 80 patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty in our hospital from March to December 2018 were selected and divided into control group and observation group according to the random number table method, 40 cases in each group. The observation group received nursing measures in line with the concept of rapid rehabilitation surgery, while the control group received routine perioperative nursing. The knee joint function and pain on the 1, 3 and 7th postoperative day, the postoperative complication rate, first time to get out of bed, hospital stay and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results On the 1, 3 and 7th postoperative day, the knee joint function scores of the observation group ([62.08±7.14], [75.37±6.05], [83.52±4.67] points) were higher than that of the control group ([58.02±6.69]. [72.22±5.82], [78.26±5.39]points), the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); the pain scores of the observation group ([6.33±1.54], [4.53±1.12], [2.36±1.04]points) were lower than that of the control group ([7.27±1.36], [5.29±1.53], [3.22±0.98]points), the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The postoperative complication rate in the observation group (10.00%) was lower than that in the control group (37.50%), the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The first time to get out of bed in the observation group ([1.24±0.56]d) was shorter than that in the control group ([2.46±0.84)d), the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); the hospital stay of the observation group ([6.82±1.62]d) was shorter than the control group ([11.38±2.28]d), the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The nursing satisfaction of the observation group ([35.17±2.35] points) was higher than that of the control group (33.55±2.08) points, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Rapid rehabilitation nursing can promote knee function recovery, relieve pain, promote early bed-out activities, shorten hospital stay, and improve patient satisfaction.
3.2快速康復護理能降低術后并發癥總發生率
本研究結果顯示,實施快速康復護理后,觀察組的術后并發癥總發生率低于對照組,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05),提示快速康復護理能降低全膝關節置換術的并發癥發生率,這與姚美華等[13]的研究結果相似。分析其原因,通過術前改善患者營養狀況,增強了機體抵抗力。術后提早拔除尿管和引流管,減少了感染的風險。術前教會患者有效咳嗽、術后促進患者早期床上鍛煉等措施,均有助于降低并發癥的發生率。
3.3快速康復護理能促進患者提早下床活動,縮短住院時間,提高患者滿意度
本研究結果顯示,實施快速康復護理后,觀察組術后早期下床活動時間早于對照組,住院時間短于對照組,且護理滿意度評分高于對照組,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05),提示快速康復護理能促進患者早期下床活動,縮短住院時間,提高患者滿意度,這與林銷等[14-15]的研究結果相似。分析其原因,通過早期功能鍛煉,促進了膝關節功能的恢復,增加了關節的力量和穩定性。患者的疼痛減輕,使其能夠更好地配合治療護理,促進早日康復。醫護人員在圍術期除給予患者疾病相關知識與技能指導外,還注重對患者的心理疏導,不僅有利于病情康復,同時也有助于建立良好的護患關系,提高患者滿意度。
綜上所述,快速康復護理能有效促進全膝關節置換術患者膝關節功能康復,減輕術后疼痛,促進患者早期下床活動,減少術后并發癥,縮短了住院時間,提高了患者的滿意度。
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(收稿日期:2019-03-11? 本文編輯:崔建中)