興海縣近55年淺層地溫變化特征分析

孔祥萍 張曉云 蘇璇

摘要 [目的]分析興海縣近55年淺層平均地溫的變化特征。[方法]利用1961—2015年興海縣0～20 cm逐年、月平均淺層地溫資料，采用氣候傾向率、M-K突變檢驗、滑動T等統計方法進行分析。[結果]（1）興海近55年各淺層年平均地溫均呈上升趨勢，其中0 cm地溫升溫幅度最大為0.438 ℃/10年，5 cm地溫升溫幅度最小為0.300 ℃/10年;（2）0 cm地溫冬季升溫增幅最大，夏季升溫增幅最小;5、10、15、20 cm 4個土層春季升溫增幅最大，秋季升溫增幅最小;（3）各層年代際平均地溫呈逐年升高趨勢，20世紀60年代最低，21世紀10年代最高;年及春季各淺層地溫20世紀80—90年代升溫幅度比其他年代際間大;（4）5～20 cm四季淺層地溫突變最早多發生在1985—1987年春季，突變最晚多發生在1992—1997年秋季。隨著氣溫、地溫逐年升高，降水緩慢增多，興海地區的牧草返青期提前，黃枯期推遲，生長期延長，牧草產量增加。[結論]結果對興海縣域相關部門及單位合理利用草地資源及退化草地的恢復和重建具有參考價值。

關鍵詞 淺層地溫;突變;幅度;臨界值

中圖分類號：P468.0+21 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：2095-3305（2019）04-049-04

DOI： 10.19383/j.cnki.nyzhyj.2019.04.020

Abstract [Objective] In order to analyze the variation characteristics of shallow average geotemperature in Xinghai County during recent 55 years. [Method]According to the analysis of mutation and ?0～20 cm shallow average geotemperature with the information of 1961—2015 Xinghai County year and month data，and statistics method such as climate tendency rate，M-K mutation and sliding T-test were used for analysis.[Result]（1）The annual average geotemperature of each shallow layeris rising tendency，in which the maximum rising was 0.438℃/10a of 0 cm geotemperature， the minimumn rise amplitude was 0.300℃/10a of 5 cm geotemperature in recent 55 years， Xinghai County.（2）0 cm geotemperature maximum of range rising was in winter， while the minimum rising was in summer.The four soil layers of 5， 10， 15 and 20 cm had the largest increasing temperature in spring， the smallest increasing temperature in autumn.（3）The interdecadal shallow geotemperature increased from year to year， the lowest in the 1960s of the 20st century and the highest in the 2010s of the 21st century. The 1980s—1990s rising range of the shallow geotemperature in the spring and year average was greater than that in other inter-decadal periods.（4）5～20 cm shallow geotemperature mutation in the four seasons occurred in the spring of 1985—1987 at the earliest， and in the autumn of 1992—1997 at the latest. With the increasing of temperature and ground temperature year by year and the slow increasing of precipitation， the verdure period of forage grass in Xinghai Area was advanced， the yellow and dry period was delayed， the growth period wass extended， and the forage grass yield was increased.[Conclusion] The results had reference value for the related departments and units in Xinghai county to rationally use the grassland resources and the restoration and reconstruction of degraded grassland.

Key words ? Shallow geotemperature;Mutation;Range;Critical valuel

寧和平等[1]研究認為黃河上游瑪曲夏季淺層平均地溫與同期的平均氣溫呈顯著的正相關，其中20 cm平均地溫與同期平均氣溫的相關性最為顯著，相關系數達到0.922，且兩者在變化趨勢上有著很強的一致性。夏季淺層平均地溫與冬季降水量存在一定的正相關，其變化對冬季降水量產生了一定的影響。張愛萍等[2]研究表明河西走廊東部春季沙塵日數與冬季淺層地溫呈負相關，其中與0 cm地溫的相關性最顯著。……