緬甸農(nóng)業(yè)科技發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及中緬農(nóng)業(yè)國際合作分析

溫國泉 韋冪 蘭宗寶 溫玉環(huán) 鄧慧靈 覃澤林

摘要：【目的】分析緬甸農(nóng)業(yè)科技發(fā)展及中緬農(nóng)業(yè)科技合作現(xiàn)狀并提出建議，為探尋兩國農(nóng)業(yè)科技合作開展途徑提供理論參考。【方法】采用調(diào)查分析、比較研究和文獻(xiàn)研究等方法分析緬甸農(nóng)業(yè)科技發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀，明確優(yōu)勢及薄弱環(huán)節(jié);分析中緬農(nóng)業(yè)科技合作現(xiàn)狀;根據(jù)緬甸農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展特點(diǎn)及中緬科技合作存在問題提出針對性意見和建議。【結(jié)果】緬甸農(nóng)業(yè)資源稟賦優(yōu)越，但農(nóng)業(yè)科技發(fā)展滯后，具有多方面的技術(shù)需求，包括作物生產(chǎn)技術(shù)、畜禽和水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖技術(shù)及其配套設(shè)施、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品加工技術(shù)、農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械研發(fā)技術(shù)等。目前中緬兩國農(nóng)業(yè)科技合作基礎(chǔ)良好，并逐步建立副部級、國家級農(nóng)業(yè)合作機(jī)制，但仍存在農(nóng)業(yè)科技資金投入少、合作規(guī)模小、抗風(fēng)險(xiǎn)能力弱及人力資源瓶頸難以突破的問題。【建議】針對緬甸農(nóng)業(yè)科技發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀，在農(nóng)產(chǎn)品加工、動植物引種改良及病害防治、肥料應(yīng)用、耕地開發(fā)等領(lǐng)域深化援助合作路徑;充分運(yùn)用我國海外園區(qū)建設(shè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)科技產(chǎn)業(yè)園區(qū)合作;進(jìn)一步調(diào)動地緣優(yōu)勢省區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)高校資源優(yōu)勢，支持緬甸農(nóng)業(yè)教育發(fā)展。

關(guān)鍵詞： 農(nóng)業(yè)科技;發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀;緬甸;中緬合作;

中圖分類號： S-1;F313? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼： A 文章編號：2095-1191（2019）06-1392-07

Abstract：【Objective】To provide reference for the selection of agricultural cooperation direction between the two countries， the agricultural science and technology development in Myanmar and the current situation of agricultural scien-ce and technology cooperation between China and Myanmar were analyzed， and cooperation suggestions were put forward. 【Method】The current situation of agricultural science and technology development in Myanmar was studied by investigation， comparison and literature review， the advantages and weaknesses were highlighted. Then the current situation of agricultural science and technology cooperation between China and Myanmar was analyzed， and specific suggestions according to the characteristics of Myanmar’s agricultural development and the existing problems in China-Myanmar scientific and technological cooperation were put forward. 【Result】Myanmar had superior agricultural resources， but the development of agricultural science and technology lagged behind. It had a variety of technical needs， including crop production technology， livestock， poultry and aquatic products cultivation technologies and supporting facilities， agricultural products processing technology， agricultural machinery research and development technology. At present， the agricultural science and technology cooperation between China and Myanmar enjoyed a sound foundation， and the agricultu-ral cooperation mechanism at the vice-ministerial level and the national level had been gradually established. However， there were still some problems such as little investment in agricultural science and technology， small scale of cooperation and weak anti-risk ability，and difficult breakthrough of human resource bottleneck. 【Suggestion】Aiming at the current si-tuation of agricultural science and technology in Myanmar，? the following suggestions are proposed： deepening cooperation paths in agricultural product processing， animal and plant introduction and improvement， disease prevention and control， fertilizer application， farmland development; making full use of China’s overseas park construction experience to promote cooperation in agricultural science and technology industrial parks; further mobilizing the resource advantages of agricultural universities in provinces and regions with geographic advantages to support the development of agricultural education in Myanmar.

Key words： agricultural science and technology; status of development; Myanmar; cooperation between China and Myanmar

收稿日期：2019-02-24

作者簡介：*為通訊作者，覃澤林（1968-），研究員，主要從事農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)與信息研究工作，E-mail：alinqin@gxaas.net。溫國泉（1976-），編審，主要從事東盟農(nóng)業(yè)與國際技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)移研究工作，E-mail：4157040@qq.com

0 引言

【研究意義】緬甸地理位置優(yōu)越，是古代絲綢之路的重要一站，也是“一帶一路”在西南方向?qū)嵤┑年P(guān)鍵節(jié)點(diǎn)（李晨陽和宋少軍，2016）。……