基于德?tīng)柗品ǖ氖中g(shù)室護(hù)理崗位分層標(biāo)準(zhǔn)構(gòu)建

□ 徐莉莉 XU Li-li 盧中秋 LU Zhong-qiu* 林衛(wèi)紅 LIN Wei-hong 王麗 WANG Li

Objective To construct a stratification standard for nursing posts in operation room. Methods The list of nursing items in operation room was initially determined by literature review and interview. Delphi method was used to determine the stratification of nursing items. The stratification principle of nursing items and the requirements of corresponding personnel were evaluated with brainstorming. Results (1) 35 items of operation room nursing items were identified. After the compilation of the questionnaire, two rounds of expert consultation were carried out. The experts' enthusiasm was 100%, and the authority coefficient was 0.91 for the two rounds. In the second round of consultation, Cronbach's was 0.796, and the evaluation results of experts were consistent with each other. (2) According to the stratification of nursing items, the nursing operation standard including four levels and the corresponding stratification standard of nursing staff were constructed. Conclusion Establishing stratification standard of nursing posts in operation room can provide reference for nurse post management.

手術(shù)室是現(xiàn)代化醫(yī)院的核心組成部分，不僅承擔(dān)著患者手術(shù)及搶救的職責(zé)，還與血庫(kù)、重癥監(jiān)護(hù)室、復(fù)蘇室等相關(guān)科室密切合作[1-2]。與普通科室相比，手術(shù)室特殊的工作環(huán)境要求相關(guān)護(hù)理人員有更高的工作效率[3]。醫(yī)院對(duì)護(hù)理人員大多采用的是“平臺(tái)式”管理，即不同年資、不同職稱(chēng)的護(hù)理人員進(jìn)行的工作類(lèi)型差異不大[4]。這易導(dǎo)致護(hù)理人員的職業(yè)生涯目標(biāo)規(guī)劃不明確，輕視自身價(jià)值，更不利于提高工作效率。2016年，原衛(wèi)生計(jì)生委頒布了《全國(guó)護(hù)理事業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)劃》，明確了我國(guó)護(hù)士職業(yè)要走分層管理道路[5]。目前，國(guó)內(nèi)關(guān)于手術(shù)室護(hù)理人員分層管理的報(bào)道很少，本研究基于德?tīng)柗茖?zhuān)家咨詢(xún)法構(gòu)建了手術(shù)室護(hù)理崗位分層標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，以期為提高手術(shù)室護(hù)理人員的崗位分配效率提供更多依據(jù)。

資料與方法

1.一般資料。在遵循專(zhuān)家權(quán)威性、代表性等基本原則的基礎(chǔ)上，確定德?tīng)柗品▽?zhuān)家納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：(1)本科及以上學(xué)歷。(2)主管護(hù)士及以上職稱(chēng)。(3)在三級(jí)甲等綜合性醫(yī)院工作，且從事臨床護(hù)理的工作年限≥15年。(4)曾經(jīng)擔(dān)任或正在擔(dān)任手術(shù)室護(hù)士長(zhǎng)或護(hù)理部(副)主任等核心護(hù)理管理職位。最終，共遴選出20名函詢(xún)專(zhuān)家。

2.初步擬定手術(shù)室護(hù)理項(xiàng)目清單。采用歷史文獻(xiàn)法與訪(fǎng)談法相結(jié)合進(jìn)行手術(shù)室護(hù)理項(xiàng)目清單的初步擬定。在主要的中英文期刊數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中，包括萬(wàn)方中文數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)、CNKI、維普數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)、PubMed、Springer、西文生物醫(yī)學(xué)期刊文獻(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)等，以“手術(shù)室護(hù)理”“工作分析”“護(hù)理人員分層管理”等為關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行檢索，排除新聞稿、會(huì)議記錄等類(lèi)型文獻(xiàn)。……