王雨萌 周新宇 宋永和


[摘 要]隨著農村生活水平的提高,人們對生活質量有了更高的要求。農村人口不斷增長,一些問題隨之而出,首當其沖是垃圾治理問題。充分了解現階段黑龍江省農村整體垃圾處理的狀況和村民個體對自家的生活垃圾處理方式及態度,把先進的治理方法和理念同黑龍江本省特點相結合,考慮政府投入資金、氣候條件、當地文化等因素,最終構建一套以垃圾治理為主要目的環境經濟為一體的公私結合新模式,切實改善垃圾圍村問題。
[關鍵詞]農村垃圾治理; 美麗鄉村建設; “三和一”模式
[中圖分類號]F323
[文獻標識碼]A
[文章編號]2095-3283(2019)11-0033-05
Abstract: With the improvement of rural living standards, peoples quality of life has higher requirements. With the continuous growth of rural population, some problems have emerged, the first of which is garbage management. Fully understand the present situation of overall rural garbage disposal in Heilongjiang Province and the individual villagers attitude towards their own domestic waste treatment, combine the advanced treatment methods and ideas with the characteristics of the situation in Heilongjiang Province, consider the factors such as government investment, climate conditions, local culture and so on, and finally construct a new model of public-private integration with garbage treatment as the main purpose of environmental economy. We will effectively improve the problem of garbage encircling villages.
Keywords: Rural Garbage Treatment;Beautiful Rural Construction;“Three in One” Model
一、引言
隨著各國工業化、人口增長、城市化和經濟的持續發展,全球每年產生的垃圾數量不斷增長,垃圾問題成為地球公害。這個全球性問題,與社會生產和消費方式相關。我們假設每人每天生產0.8公斤生活垃圾,根據黑龍江省統計公報數據顯示,至2018年初,黑龍江省鄉村人口為1538.2萬人,那么黑龍江省鄉村年生活垃圾為449154.4萬公斤。我們除去40%—60%可降解垃圾,每年省農村不可降解生活垃圾為179661.76—269492.64公斤。如果垃圾問題仍得不到有效治理,會導致疾病的傳播、氣候變化加劇、地下水污染、生物多樣性減少、經濟損失并增加洪水爆發的風險,從而影響人類的健康和生計。以環保的方式對垃圾進行管理控制,可以造福整個人類。
二、黑龍江省垃圾治理現狀
2016年黑龍江省下轄鄉生活垃圾處理率為0.93%,垃圾無害化處理率0.44%。……