○陸 琰
小學英語教材每個主題單元中的各個板塊幾乎都配有豐富且含有趣味性的圖片,能獨立組成一個情境,然而在豐富的文本故事之后往往會出現一些零散的板塊,我們應將這些板塊內容與教材有效整合,從而推動教學新資源的生成,提高小學英語課堂教學的有效性。本文以At Christmas(第二課時)為例,談談如何進行主題整合,創設單元主題情境,再構文本,激活英語課堂教學。
少兒英文歌曲旋律優美動聽、富有童趣,可以為學生創設輕松活潑的良好學習氛圍,激發學習興趣,幫助學生復習舊知、引入新知。
T:Hi,boys and girls.Do you like English songs?
Ss:Yes.
T:Let’s enjoy an English song.
Ss:...
T:What is it about?
S1:It’s about Christmas.
T:We’ll go on learningAt Christmas.
教師通過播放生動活潑、富有童趣的圣誕歌曲Jingle bells,讓學生在歡快中感受到濃濃的圣誕氛圍。這種歌曲導入能形象地表現主題情境內容,創設有聲的語言環境,使學生自然投入。
語言的交流是在特定的語境中進行的,語言習得只有在真實的語境中才能產生。教師可以巧妙利用故事文本創設情境,讓學生主動發現語言規律。
在Story time的故事文本中Mike一家過圣誕節的活動是以順序副詞串聯起來的,所以,通過PPT再現圣誕節故事文本,可為學生創設主題情境,同時喚起學生對順序副詞在故事中所表達的語言意義的理解。
T:We know Mike and his family have a lot of fun at Christmas.Look,what do Mike and his family do at Christmas?
(1)Choose and talk
(課件呈現故事文本中的插圖,順序是打亂的。)
S1:I choose picture 1.They buy a Christmas tree and see Father Christmas.
……
(2)Order and say
T:These pictures are not in the right order.Which is the first one?Let’s choose.
S1:I choose picture…
T:Yes.We can use the word first.First,they buy a Christmas tree and see Father Christmas.Which is the second one/the third one/last one?
(學習新單詞:First,Next,Then,Finally)
(3)Let’s think
T:These four words are so important.Why?
S:它們可以使事情變得有序。
T:Yes.They can help us make the things clear and orderly.
(4)Let’s say
(學生嘗試用 first,next,then,finally清楚地描述人們的圣誕活動。)
T:This term,we have many new friends in Gui-zhou.We write letters to each other.Look,our friends want to know our Christmas plan.
Let’s enjoy!(欣賞作業)
Now,talk about your plan with your partner.
Ss:…(同桌交流自己的圣誕計劃)
T:Now,who can show your plan?
......
教師在分享了Mike的圣誕節活動后,利用小視頻展示了班級中每位學生制訂的圣誕節計劃,并邀請兩位學生代表現場展示。在交流展示中,學生不僅感悟順序副詞的運用,還了解到本課時是第一課時的延續,Christmas是一個單元主題情境。
T:We know Mike’s Christmas and talk about our Christmas.Do you want to know more about Father Christmas?What does Father Christmas do every Christmas?Would you like his job?Let’s enjoy a story.

T:Look at the cover,what do you know?
Title:Christmas Adventure《圣誕大冒險》
Who:?
Where:?
What happen:?
S1:Father Christmas and some children.
S2:Maybe they are in Canada.
……
預測故事不僅有利于激發學生的閱讀興趣,還能培養學生的觀察力和想象力。
解決生詞是故事閱讀的重要環節。教師應帶領學生根據圖片或上下文來猜詞、理解新詞的意義,進而幫助學生形成學習策略,提高閱讀效率。
T:Now,let’s try to enjoy the story.
(指導學生根據圖片及上下文理解生詞a magic key,glow等。)
T:The magic key takes the children to Father Christmas’house.If you are the children,what do you want?
……
當學生通過學習策略理解生詞后,教師設置了“如果你是那些孩子,你想要什么?”這一個開放性問題,培養了學生的思維,同時也引領學生進入圣誕老人家這一情境中。
教師在引領學生進入圣誕老人家后,設置了兩處懸念,引領學生進入情境。
懸念一:
T:Now,they are in the house.Guess,what’s in the house?
S1:Maybe there are many sweets.
……
懸念二:
T:Father Christmas show the children around his house.
Father Christmas doesn’t put up his pretty things.
Father Christmas has no Christmas dinner.
Look!Father Christmas is happy now.What happened?
圣誕老人總能在圣誕夜給孩子悄悄帶來很多禮物,因此,圣誕老人的家就會顯得特別神秘。懸念一,What’s in the house?讓學生想象圣誕老人家里有什么?引發孩子們無限遐想。懸念二,Father Christmas is happy now.What happened?圣誕老人變化的原因再次激發學生對故事的向往,整個情境被活化,輕松引發學生想要表達的愿望。
在理解了整個故事內容后,教師創設活動幫助學生進行語言輸出,同時內化語言。
T:Let’s share:What can we do for Father Christmas?
用First/Next/Then/Finally...小組內制訂幫助圣誕老人的計劃,既培養了學生的小組合作能力,又鍛煉了語言的輸出能力。最后,教師適時提煉出本課的圣誕精神——分享,讓學生通過情境感悟語言、內化語言,在輕松活潑的氛圍中享受英語學習的快樂。