衡霞 王茜
摘要 西藏農牧民有較高的農地流轉意愿,但農地經營權抵押業務量非常小,難以滿足西藏社會經濟現代化發展的需要。不論地租理論、金融結構理論,還是現行的法律法規,以及較為充分的地方實踐均表明,西藏已經具備了農地金融化的建構基礎。然而由于農地確權難、傳統金融機構的制度慣性、政策供給與需求的不匹配等造成了西藏農地金融化的現實困境。對此,要加快完成農村土地確權頒證、組建政策性金融平臺、制定農地金融支持政策和建立農地金融風險防范制度等構成了西藏農地金融化的基本內容。
關鍵詞 農村金融制度;農村土地經營權;抵押貸款
中圖分類號 S-9 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611(2018)22-0221-06
Abstract Farmers and herdsmen have a higher willingness to farmland in Tibet, but the mortgage business of farmland management is very small, it is difficult to meet the needs of Tibetan modernization. Theory and practice show that Tibet already has the construction foundation of agricultural land financialization. But there are so many difficulties, for example, the rural land rights are hard to confirm, institutional inertia of financial institutions, policy supply and demand mismatch. So the basic contents of farmland financialization in Tibet include to expedite the completion of the rural land confirmation, to form a policybased financial platform, to draw up the financial support policies for rural areas, to establish a system for preventing financial risks in rural areas and so on.
Key words Farmland financialization;Farmland management rights;Mortgage loan
農地三權分置,不僅要重視土地承包經營權登記確權工作,保障農民土地權益不受侵害,還要關注農業現代化進程中農村可持續發展的效率與質量問題。也就是說一方面要深刻反思農地三權分置“為了誰”的價值訴求,還要積極謀劃“怎樣實現”的路徑選擇問題。農地所有權、承包權、經營權分離,最終目的是盤活農村土地要素,推動農業經濟快速發展,實現農戶收入的穩定增長。盤活農村土地要素的關鍵在于農地可以抵押、信托和證券化,即要農地金融化制度作為保障。重慶、貴州等地積極探索農地經營權的金融化路徑,相繼創造了地票、農地入股等創新性金融產品,完全符合十八屆三中會提出的“發展普惠金融,鼓勵金融創新,豐富金融市場層次和產品”,農地金融成為普惠金融體系的重要組成部分。……