衡霞 王茜
摘要 西藏農(nóng)牧民有較高的農(nóng)地流轉意愿,但農(nóng)地經(jīng)營權抵押業(yè)務量非常小,難以滿足西藏社會經(jīng)濟現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展的需要。不論地租理論、金融結構理論,還是現(xiàn)行的法律法規(guī),以及較為充分的地方實踐均表明,西藏已經(jīng)具備了農(nóng)地金融化的建構基礎。然而由于農(nóng)地確權難、傳統(tǒng)金融機構的制度慣性、政策供給與需求的不匹配等造成了西藏農(nóng)地金融化的現(xiàn)實困境。對此,要加快完成農(nóng)村土地確權頒證、組建政策性金融平臺、制定農(nóng)地金融支持政策和建立農(nóng)地金融風險防范制度等構成了西藏農(nóng)地金融化的基本內(nèi)容。
關鍵詞 農(nóng)村金融制度;農(nóng)村土地經(jīng)營權;抵押貸款
中圖分類號 S-9 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611(2018)22-0221-06
Abstract Farmers and herdsmen have a higher willingness to farmland in Tibet, but the mortgage business of farmland management is very small, it is difficult to meet the needs of Tibetan modernization. Theory and practice show that Tibet already has the construction foundation of agricultural land financialization. But there are so many difficulties, for example, the rural land rights are hard to confirm, institutional inertia of financial institutions, policy supply and demand mismatch. So the basic contents of farmland financialization in Tibet include to expedite the completion of the rural land confirmation, to form a policybased financial platform, to draw up the financial support policies for rural areas, to establish a system for preventing financial risks in rural areas and so on.
Key words Farmland financialization;Farmland management rights;Mortgage loan
農(nóng)地三權分置,不僅要重視土地承包經(jīng)營權登記確權工作,保障農(nóng)民土地權益不受侵害,還要關注農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化進程中農(nóng)村可持續(xù)發(fā)展的效率與質(zhì)量問題。也就是說一方面要深刻反思農(nóng)地三權分置“為了誰”的價值訴求,還要積極謀劃“怎樣實現(xiàn)”的路徑選擇問題。農(nóng)地所有權、承包權、經(jīng)營權分離,最終目的是盤活農(nóng)村土地要素,推動農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟快速發(fā)展,實現(xiàn)農(nóng)戶收入的穩(wěn)定增長。盤活農(nóng)村土地要素的關鍵在于農(nóng)地可以抵押、信托和證券化,即要農(nóng)地金融化制度作為保障。重慶、貴州等地積極探索農(nóng)地經(jīng)營權的金融化路徑,相繼創(chuàng)造了地票、農(nóng)地入股等創(chuàng)新性金融產(chǎn)品,完全符合十八屆三中會提出的“發(fā)展普惠金融,鼓勵金融創(chuàng)新,豐富金融市場層次和產(chǎn)品”,農(nóng)地金融成為普惠金融體系的重要組成部分。……