王寧 宋盛中 王有祥
摘要[目的]對鎮雄縣耐晚霜核桃開展調查和選優。[方法]2008—2017年,對云南省鎮雄縣核桃優良單株耐晚霜特性和優良性狀開展篩選調查。[結果]通過多次觀察、篩選,評選出優良單株13株,其三徑均值為2.85~3.42 mm、殼均厚為0.71~1.10 mm、易取整仁、出仁率為53.2%~67.6%,耐晚霜特性突出,生長性狀表現良好,其中鎮核1號和鎮核2號通過省級林木良種認定。[結論]所選13株優良單株整體上果型端正、易取整仁,殼厚、出仁率、充實度、豐產性能和口感均表現突出。
關鍵詞 選優; 耐晚霜;核桃;鎮雄縣
中圖分類號 S664.1 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611(2018)22-0089-03
Abstract[Objective]Investigation and breeding of late frost resistant walnut in Zhenxiong County were carried out.[Method]In the past 2008—2017 years, we screened and investigated the characteristics of late frost tolerance and excellent characters of walnut excellent single plant in Zhenxiong County, Yunnan Province.[Result]We selected 13 excellent single plant several times. The average diameter of the three diameter was 2.85-3.42 mm, the average shell was 0.71-1.10 mm, it was easy to get the kernel, the kernel rate was 53.2%-67.6%, and the late frost resistance was outstanding. The long characters were good, Zhenhe No. 1 and Zhenhe No. 2 were identified by tree species at provincial level.[Conclusion]The selected 13 excellent single plants have good overall fruit shape and are easy to take whole kernel. Their shell thickness, yield, fullness, fertility and taste are all outstanding.
Key words Excellent selection;Late frost tolerance;Walnut;Zhenxiong County
核桃(Juglans sigillata Dode)[1]是木本糧油重要樹種,在云南栽培歷史悠久,滇東北地區品質優良性明顯[2-3]。鎮雄縣隸屬于滇東北地區昭通市,核桃是鎮雄縣的鄉土樹種、重要產業建設品種,核桃產業在縣域經濟發展和山區脫貧致富中占有重要地位[4]。一直以來,鎮雄核桃種植以有性繁殖為主,通過長期自然選擇與人工選擇,形成了適應區域自然環境的多樣性變異品種[5],優質種質資源品種豐富。但由于個體差異大、品種良莠不齊、晚霜影響嚴重、良種選育滯后等,嚴重制約了全縣核桃產業發展。2008—2017 年,開展了鎮雄縣耐晚霜核桃調查和選優工作,為核桃產業發展中的良種問題積累了一定的經驗,現就優選結論總結如下。
1 材料與方法
1.1 預選(報優)
在全縣29個鄉鎮(街道辦事處)30個核桃產業重點村確定8個鄉鎮20個重點村為選優區,發送有關選優文件,組成調查組(由省市專家與縣專家組成),分5個小組,采用開會和個別訪尋等方式……p>