村莊整治中的“小組微生”模式研究

姚樹榮 余澳

摘要 成都市村莊整治中的“小組微生”模式在全國統籌城鄉發展中獨樹一幟，受到多方關注并被稱為“新農村建設的2.0版”。它具有先進的規劃設計理念、“自民市法”的運行機制、“產村配治”的協同推進、“建改保”分類整治四大特色。該模式的實施，使得鄉村形態更美麗、農民群眾享福利、三產融合獲發展。但從農民福利需求的角度看，存在著成本高、指標不足、輕發展等問題，需要有針對性地優化完善后加以推廣應用。

關鍵詞 村莊整治；“小組微生”模式；農民福利

中圖分類號 S-9文獻標識碼 A文章編號 0517-6611（2018）01-0218-03

Abstract The “Small-scale， Group-forming， Micro-garden and Ecological” model in the village renovation of Chengdu was unique in the process of balancing urban and rural development of China.It caused peoples extensive concern and was called 2.0 Edition of new countryside construction.It had four traits：advanced planning and design concept， operating mechanism of “Farmers making decisions by themselves， Discussing things in a democratic way， Market-oriented operation， Acting according to the law”，collaborative propulsion mechanism of “Industrial development， new village construction， infrastructure and public service support and grass-roots governance”，classification of remediation methods about “new construction， transformation and conservation development”. Through the implementation of this model，rural became beautiful，farmers obtained welfare， integration of three industries was developed. However， from the perspective of farmers welfare needs， there were many problems on this model， such as high cost， insufficient index and light development， which need to be targeted to optimize and perfect before the promotion the application.

Key words Village renovation；“Small-scale， Group-forming， Micro-garden and Ecological” model；Farmers welfare

近年來，我國村莊整治如火如荼，在有力促進鄉村發展的同時，也產生了一些飽受詬病的問題，主要是：違背農民意愿，強迫農民“集中上樓”；耕種半徑擴大，土地被迫撂荒；禁止養殖家畜，生活成本增加；搞大拆大建，鄉村風貌破壞，“鄉不像鄉”，丟了“鄉愁”[1]。針對這些問題，成都市在新的發展理念指引下，逐步探索形成了一種“小規模、組團式、微田園、生態化”（簡稱“小組微生”）的村莊整治新型模式，取得了良好效果。筆者于2016年7—9月選取了成都市郫都區三道堰鎮青杠樹村等10個“小組微生”項目進行了深入調研，對其特色做法、實施成效、主要問題進行了總結，提出了進一步完善的對策建議。

1 “小組微生”的特色做法

與以往村莊整治的做法相比，成都市“小組微生”村莊整治模式在規劃設計、運行機制、推進機制和整治方式4個方面形成了鮮明的特點。

1.1 “小組微生”的規劃設計理念