2008—2017年上海市朱涇鎮水痘流行病學特征分析

李俊 王勝 馬亞飛

摘 要 目的：分析上海金山區朱涇鎮2008-2017年水痘流行特征，為社區水痘防控工作提供科學依據。方法：通過中國疾病預防控制信息系統收集2008-2017年上海金山區朱涇鎮水痘發病情況，采用描述性流行病學方法進行統計分析。結果：2008-2017年上海金山區朱涇鎮共報告水痘病例1 161例，年平均發病率95.86/10萬；男性發病563例，女性發病598例，男女發病性別比為0.94∶1；發病高發年齡段為25歲以下人群，占發病總數的88.46%（1 027/1 161）；職業主要為學生，其次為托幼兒童和工人，分別占發病總數的48.58%（564/1 161）、9.91%（115 /1 161）和9.73%（113/1 161）；發病呈現2個明顯高發時間段，主發病高峰為11月至次年1月，占發病總數的33.85%（393/1 161），其次為4至6月，占發病總數的28.17%（327/1 161）；本地居民發病率（108.85/10萬）顯著高于外來流動人員（61.44/10萬），差異有統計學意義（χ2=56.57，P<0.05）。結論：2008-2017年上海金山區朱涇鎮水痘發病率總體水平較高。需根據水痘發病的周期性和聚集性特征，加強針對重點人群和重點單位的宣傳力度，落實水痘疫苗的查漏補種工作，從而降低水痘發病。

關鍵詞 水痘；流行病學；特征分析

中圖分類號：R511.5 文獻標志碼：A 文章編號：1006-1533（2018）24-0053-03

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Zhujing Town of Shanghai in 2008-2017

LI Jun， WANG Sheng， MA Yafei（Prevention and Health Care Department of Zhujing Community Health Service Center of Jinshan District， Shanghai 201599， China）

ABSTRACT Objective： To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Zhujing Town， Jinshan District， Shanghai in 2008 - 2017 for providing scientific basis for the prevention and control of varicella in the community. Methods： The incidence of varicella in Zhujing Town， Jinshan District， Shanghai， in 2008 - 2017 was collected through the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System and descriptive epidemiology was used for statistical analysis. Results： In 2008 - 2017， a total of 1 161 cases of varicella were reported in Zhujing Town， Jinshan District， Shanghai， and the annual average incidence rate was 95.86/100，000； there were 563 male cases and 598 female cases， and the sex ratio of male to female was 0.94： 1； the highest incidence age group was below 25 years old， accounting for 88.46%（1 027/1 161） of the total number of cases； the occupations were mainly students， followed by nursery children and workers， accounting for 48.58%（564/1 161）， 9.91%（115/1 161） and 9.73%（113/1 161） of the total number of cases， respectively； the incidence showed 2 periods of high incidence， the main incidence peaked from November to January， accounting for 33.85%（393/1 161） of the total number of cases， the second peak was from April to June， accounting for 28.17%（327 /1 161）； the incidence of local residents（108.85/100，000） was significantly higher than that of migrant people（61.44/100，000）， and the difference was statistically significant（c2=56.57， P<0.05）. Conclusion： In 2008-2017， the overall incidence of varicella in Zhujing Town of Jinshan District， Shanghai was relatively high. According to the periodicity and aggregation characteristics of varicella， it is necessary to strengthen the propaganda of key populations and key units， and implement the investigation and re-inoculation of varicella vaccine to reduce the incidence of varicella.