吳沛沛 楊礦濤



摘要[目的]調查庫布齊沙地人工生物結皮區高等植被恢復狀況,揭示人工生物結皮形成后高等植被群落演替過程。[方法]采用樣方法對不同接種年份的人工生物結皮區高等植被的種類、數量、蓋度進行系統全面的調查。[結果]共發現42種高等植物,分屬于31屬10科,優勢種為油蒿、沙蓬、繩蟲實、豬毛蒿、羊草、披堿草。隨著人工生物結皮發育演替時間的延長,高等植被的種類、數量、蓋度、生物量、物種多樣性和均勻度也逐漸增大。[結論]在人工結皮區,高等植被群落的演替順序為油蒿、沙蓬、豬毛蒿、羊草群落。
關鍵詞庫布齊沙地;植被恢復;生物結皮
中圖分類號S181.3;X171.4文獻標識碼A文章編號0517-6611(2017)14-0060-03
Abstract[Objective]By investigating vegetation restoration at manmade biological soil crusts areas in Kubuqi Desert,succession process of vegetation was revealed.[Method]Based on the survey of community plots,species,biomass and coverage of vegetation were investigated within different inoculation of manmade biological crusts areas.[Result] 42 species vascular plants(belonging to 31 genera and 10 families,respectively)were found,and the dominant species were Artemisia ordosica,Agriophyllum squarrosum,Corispermum declinatu,Artemisia scoparia,Leymus chinensis,and Elymus dahuricus.Along with succession of manmade biological soil crusts,there were increases in vascular vegetations species,abundances,coverages,biomass,species diversity and evenness.[Conclusion]Moreover,successions order of vascular vegetations were Artemisia ordosica, Agriophyllum squarrosum, Artemisia scoparia, Leymus chinensis.
Key wordsKubuqi Desert;Vegetation restoration;Biological soil crusts
在植被稀少的荒漠半荒漠地區,生物結皮能夠適應高溫、高鹽堿、強輻射、風沙侵蝕等惡劣環境,從而很好地存活和大量分布。它們能夠固定沙丘,減少風沙侵蝕,改善土壤水分平衡,增加土壤營養,因此受到國內外學者的廣泛關注[1-2]。在騰格里沙漠、甘肅河西走廊地區、古爾班通古特沙漠、庫布齊沙漠,藻類工作者先后進行了生物結皮的空間分布、種類組成、藻類種類、膠結機理和細微結構以及荒漠藻類在固沙成土等研究[3-5]。同時,從自然生物結皮中分離篩選到適合于固沙的荒漠藻類。劉永定[6]提出了利用荒漠藻類固沙的理念,并逐步完善成熟,形成了荒漠藻人工生物結皮綜合固沙技術。人工生物結皮形成后,它們的先鋒拓殖作用改善了周圍的生態環境,為荒漠-半荒漠生態系統向草地生態系統的演替提供了條件?!?br>