鉀肥不同施用時期對烤煙產質量的影響

羅成萍 楊煥文 王戈 譚小兵

摘要[目的]探討鉀肥不同施用時期對云南景東縣烤煙品種K326產質量的影響。[方法]以烤煙品種K326為材料，測定不同鉀肥施用時期下烤煙的農藝性狀和產質量。[結果]移栽后35 d和移栽后50 d追施鉀肥，在各方面表現最優，產量2 790.0 kg/hm2、產值44 082.0元/hm2均最高，中上等煙比例平均高出其他處理6.91%，且各部位的鉀含量較高。同時，推遲鉀肥的施用期，可使煙株的產量、產值、中上等煙比例有所提高，煙葉的含鉀量也有所提高，內部主要化學成分的比例也更協調。[結論]該研究可為云南景東烤煙種植中鉀的施用提供參考。

關鍵詞鉀肥；施用時期；烤煙；產質量

中圖分類號S572文獻標識碼A文章編號0517-6611（2017）14-0039-03

Abstract[Objective] The effects of different potassium fertilizer application period on the yield and quality of K326 in Jingdong of Yunnan were studied.[Method] Taking K326 as the material，the agronomic characters，yield and quality of fluecured tobacco were compared among treatments of different potassium fertilizer application period.[Result] Applying potassium after transplanting 35 d and 50 d had the best performance in all aspects，production 2 790.0 kg/hm2 and output value 44 082.0 yuan/hm2 were the highest，the proportion of superior tobacco increased by 6.91% than the average of other，and the potassium content in different parts was high.At the same time，delaying the application period of potassium fertilizer could increase the yield，output value and the proportion of middle and high grade tobacco，and increase the content of potassium in tobacco.The chemical constituents of tobacco was coordinated.[Conclusion]The research could provide reference for the application of potassium fertilizer for planting fluecured tobacco.

Key wordsPotassium fertilizer；Application on different stages；Fluecured tobacco；Yield and quality

同其他作物相比，烤煙的營養特點是對鉀的需求量大[1]。鉀在煙草體內并不形成任何穩定的結構物質，但煙草對鉀素的需求量很大，并超過其他營養元素，是氮素的1.4倍、磷素的3.5倍[2]。因此，能否充足供給煙草生長所需的鉀素，是保證煙株正常生長、獲得優質煙葉的主要條件之一。在適宜的時期施用鉀肥不僅能夠提高鉀肥利用率，還可以顯著增加烤煙的產質量。研究表明，采用基肥和分次追肥相結合的施鉀技術，對提高煙葉產量、增加煙葉含鉀量、提高煙株對鉀素的吸收利用率有明顯的效果[3-4]，且相同的鉀肥用量，通過增加鉀肥的施用次數，適當延長鉀肥的施用期可提高中、上等煙的比例，增加了產值[5-6]。

為提高煙葉含鉀量，目前人們往往靠增施鉀肥量來提高煙葉的鉀素含量，但這種方法效果欠佳。……