A Study of the Key Elements in the Horace Model and the Schleiermacher Model

1. The Horace Model

1.1 Translation Strategies of the Horace Model

The model proposes that the faithful interpretation （fidus interpres） is not which is faithful to the original text but which is faithful to the readers. A ‘fidus ’translator is one who can be trusted， who gets the job done on time and to the satisfaction of both parties. Horace stats the faithful translator is a trusted entity， undertaking the role of the mediator to facilitate the communication between two languages and the readers of these languages. Horace argues the different texts must be translated in different ways with different translation strategies to suit its purposes， facing with a variety of texts. The more important idea in Horace’s model is frame of the text， namely a grid of text. This frame refers to the collection of methods employed by each culture. The method is the way to which objects are referred. Cultures basically adopt identical frames. The German， French and the English culture use the same frame of texts--- the ancient Greece-Roman culture， albeit slightly different in their style of emphasis. Cultures of China or Japan are different from others and therefore do not share any common grounds with others. Translations in different eras reflect the main culture of that history. It can be the cultural innovation and the strength of creating a different form of culture based on the existing culture or may be suppresses innovation， distortion， and accommodation. Translation heightens the level of our perspective on the world we live in by shedding light on the process of the formation of literature in an era where various sorts of manipulation is on the rise.

2. The Schleiermacher Model

2.1 Translation Strategies of the Schleiermacher Model

It emphasizes the importance of ‘foreignzing translation’. The translator should in Schleiermacher’s opinion leave “the author in peace， as much as possible，” and “move the reader towards him.” A translation should therefore sound “foreign” enough to its reader for that reader to discern the workings of the original language that expresses the language game， the culture of which the original is a part， shining through the words of the translated page. Schleiermacher was the first person who divided translation into written and oral interpretations， in other word， true and mechanical interpretations， and then elaborated them in details. He presents business translation is practical and mechanical， which deals with match， geometry and must be translated in accuracy. So， business translation absolutely is a mechanical activity， which is hard to be considered to be good or bad if there are not obvious mistakes. In this extent， business translation is simpler than literary and science translations， which are a creative activity， requiring the translators have a good ability in uniting his own language with the translated language and re-appearing the style of the source text in his translation based on his good understanding and interpretation to things.

3. Conclusion

The Horace and Schleiermacher model， in the development of translation process， play their own necessary and crucial roles. Each has its own special features， functions， advantages and disadvantages， promoting the history of translation. Of course， with the development of the society， history， culture， socialization and globalization， the research of translation has a harder and further journey to go. There are still problems left in translation field， under such circumstances， the role of translators is important and the road of translation needs more exploration.

Bibliography

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[2]Bassnett， S. and Lefevere， A.Constructing Cultures， Essays on Literary Translation

[3]譚載喜.西方翻譯簡史[C].北京：商務印書館，1991

[4]方夢之.翻譯新論與實踐[C].上海外語教育出版社，1999