紀(jì) 燕,熊祺琰,王 佳,張必雄,倪 博,馬慶紅,馮志新,劉茂軍,邵國青
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豬鼻支原體可變脂蛋白家族重組蛋白的構(gòu)建表達(dá)及黏附細(xì)胞功能檢測
紀(jì)燕1,2,熊祺琰1,王佳1,張必雄1,倪博1,馬慶紅1,馮志新1,劉茂軍1,邵國青1
1.江蘇省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院獸醫(yī)研究所,農(nóng)業(yè)部獸用生物制品工程技術(shù)重點實驗室,國家獸用生物制品工程技術(shù)研究中心,南京210014;2.金宇保靈生物藥品有限公司,呼和浩特010030
摘要:目的本研究以豬鼻支原體表面的可變脂蛋白(vlp)家族為研究對象,鑒定其各成員對宿主細(xì)胞的黏附能力。方法根據(jù)已公布的豬鼻支原體vlp家族7種成員的基因序列設(shè)計引物,構(gòu)建重組表達(dá)質(zhì)粒pET-32a(+)/vlp,篩選獲得陽性克隆。重組工程菌經(jīng)IPTG誘導(dǎo)表達(dá)目的蛋白,經(jīng)鎳柱親和層析獲得7種純化的vlp重組蛋白。利用間接免疫熒光法及微孔板定量法分別對vlp各個成員的黏附功能進(jìn)行鑒定。結(jié)果成功構(gòu)建了7種重組表達(dá)質(zhì)粒pET-32a(+)/vlp,獲得陽性重組工程菌。經(jīng)IPTG誘導(dǎo)及鎳柱親和層析純化,獲得了較純的7種vlp重組蛋白。間接免疫熒光及微孔板黏附定量試驗檢測結(jié)果顯示,重組蛋白vlpA、vlpB、vlpC、vlpE、vlpG可黏附PK細(xì)胞,而重組vlpD和vlpF蛋白黏附能力不明顯。結(jié)論本研究成功構(gòu)建了豬鼻支原體7種vlp的重組蛋白,并對其黏附功能進(jìn)行了初步鑒定,證明部分vlp屬于豬鼻支原體的黏附因子。
關(guān)鍵詞:豬鼻支原體;可變脂蛋白;細(xì)胞黏附
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.31300155), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. BK20130702) and the Special Fund for Independent Innovation of Agricultural Science and Technology in Jiangsu Province of China (No. CX(14)5039)
豬鼻支原體(Mycoplasmahyorhinis)可引起豬的多發(fā)性漿膜炎、關(guān)節(jié)炎、肺炎及中耳炎等多種慢性炎癥[1-4],通常由母豬或大豬經(jīng)呼吸道傳染給小豬,進(jìn)而從呼吸道侵染全身引發(fā)疾病的發(fā)生。豬鼻支原體也是實驗室細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)物的常見污染物[5],同時近年來證實其與多種人類腫瘤的發(fā)生有明顯的相關(guān)性[6-9]。黏附是支原體感染致病的關(guān)鍵步驟,但目前有關(guān)豬鼻支原體的研究較少,其黏附因子以及致病機制尚未明確。
支原體基因組大小十分有限,但含有大量能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)菌體表面抗原性變化的基因,從而有效地逃避宿主的免疫系統(tǒng)[10-11]。這些基因通常編碼膜表面的脂蛋白,基因可發(fā)生高頻率、可逆的突變,從而可以選擇性的表達(dá)編碼產(chǎn)物或者混合表達(dá)幾種特定組合的編碼產(chǎn)物,同時可通過重復(fù)區(qū)域的突變實現(xiàn)產(chǎn)物分子大小的改變,最終實現(xiàn)表面抗原性的多樣性。目前有研究報道牛支原體等多種支原體的表面可變脂蛋白除了介導(dǎo)抗原性變化、免疫逃避外,還與病原菌的細(xì)胞黏附有關(guān)[12-16]。vlp(variable lipoprotein, vlp)為豬鼻支原體表面的可變脂蛋白家族[17-18],共包含7個成員,分別為vlpA, vlpB, vlpC, vlpD, vlpE, vlpF, vlpG。本研究擬構(gòu)建表達(dá)7種vlp家族成員的重組蛋白,利用間接免疫熒光法及微孔板定量法對vlp各個成員的黏附功能進(jìn)行初步鑒定。
1材料與方法
1.1試驗材料
1.1.1菌種與質(zhì)粒豬鼻支原體、原核表達(dá)載體pET-32a(+)由本實驗室保存;大腸桿菌BL21(DE3)感受態(tài)細(xì)胞、Trans1-T1感受態(tài)細(xì)胞、pEASY-E1載體購自北京全式金生物技術(shù)有限公司。
1.1.2PK15細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)PK15細(xì)胞用含10%小牛血清、100 U/mL青霉素和100 μg/mL的DMEM培養(yǎng)液培養(yǎng),待細(xì)胞匯合至90%以上時,胰蛋白酶消化。細(xì)胞以2×105個/孔接種于96孔細(xì)胞板,于37 ℃、5% CO2培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng)24 h。
1.1.3材料與試劑HRP-羊抗兔IgG、FITC-羊抗兔IgG購自武漢博士德公司;兔抗硫氧還蛋白多抗購自武漢三鷹生物技術(shù)有限公司;細(xì)胞裂解液、BCA蛋白濃度測定試劑盒購自碧云天股份有限公司;其他試劑均為國產(chǎn)分析純。
1.2試驗方法
1.2.17種vlp家族成員重組蛋白表達(dá)質(zhì)粒的構(gòu)建根據(jù)GenBank中已公布的豬鼻支原體 vlp基因序列,利用Oligo7軟件設(shè)計引物,擴增除信號肽之外的vlp編碼區(qū),見表1。兩端添加酶切位點,PCR引物序列見表1。擴增的PCR產(chǎn)物與pEASY-E1載體酶連構(gòu)建pEASY-E1/vlp重組質(zhì)粒。經(jīng)PCR及測序驗證正確后以vlp上下游引物擴增目的基因片段,經(jīng)限制性內(nèi)切酶雙酶切后插入pET-32a(+)空載體質(zhì)粒的多克隆位點中,構(gòu)建得到7種重組質(zhì)粒pET-32a(+)/vlp。轉(zhuǎn)化大腸桿菌BL21感受態(tài)細(xì)胞,以T7啟動子和終止子引物PCR篩選陽性克隆,并測序鑒定序列的正確性。制備甘油管保存菌種。
表1引物Tab.1Primers

PrimerSequences(5'→3')PrimersforamplificationofvlpgenesA-FGACGGATCCTGTGGACAAACAGATAATAAA-RCGCAAGCTTCTATTGTGTGTTTTCAGTTTTTGB-FGCGGAATTCTGTGGACAAACTAATACB-RGCGCTCGAGTTAATCTTGTGAATCTGATCC-FCCGGAATTCTGTGGACAAACTAATACC-RGACCTCGAGTTATTGTGATCCTGATTD-FCCGGAATTCTGTGGTCAAACTAATACD-RGGCAAGCTTTTATGAAGTTGAATCTGATGE-FCGCGGATCCTGTGGTCAAACTACTGATAAE-RGCGAAGCTTTTATTGTCCATCTGATGTTGF-FCCGGAATTCTGTGGACAAACTAATACTGATCF-RCAGAAGCTTTTAACAGATGCTGTTTTTTAATAT-TATG-FCCGGAATTCTGTGGTCAAACTACTAATAAACCG-RGACCTCGAGCTATCCTGAAGTTGAATCTGPrimersforidentificationofpositiveclonesT7promoterTAATACGACTCACTATAGGGT7terminatorTGCTAGTTATTGCTCAGCGG
Note: The underlined regions are the restriction enzyme sites.
1.2.2重組vlp蛋白的表達(dá)與純化重組蛋白與pET-32a(+)載體中的硫氧還蛋白TrxA以融合蛋白形式表達(dá)。接種100 μL重組工程菌甘油管菌液至5 mL氨芐抗性的LB液體培養(yǎng)基中,過夜培養(yǎng),次日將菌液以2%的量接種至氨芐抗性的LB液體培養(yǎng)基中振蕩培養(yǎng),當(dāng)培養(yǎng)至OD630值在0.6~1.0時加入IPTG(終濃度為1 mmol/L)進(jìn)行誘導(dǎo)表達(dá),5 h后收集菌體。同時設(shè)未誘導(dǎo)的工程菌做陰性對照。收集菌液后超聲裂解菌體,離心收集上清并用鎳柱親和層析純化。
1.2.3間接免疫熒光法檢測重組vlp蛋白的黏附功能PK15細(xì)胞以2×105個/mL接種于96孔細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)板,100 μL/孔,37 ℃、5% CO2條件下培養(yǎng)24 h,PBS(pH 7.4)洗滌1次,每次5 min(以下簡稱洗滌);用DMEM細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)液將vlp蛋白稀釋至0.5 mg/mL,100 μL/孔,37 ℃孵育6 h后洗滌3次;每孔加入100 μL冰乙醇4 ℃固定30 min,洗滌3次;每孔加入200 μL 1% BSA于4 ℃封閉過夜,洗滌4次;加入1∶200倍稀釋的兔抗硫氧還蛋白多抗,100 μL/孔,于37 ℃孵育1.5 h,洗滌4次;加入1∶50倍稀釋的FITC-羊抗兔IgG二抗,50 μL/孔,于37 ℃避光孵育1 h,洗滌5次,于熒光顯微鏡下觀察結(jié)果。
1.2.4微孔板黏附試驗定量檢測重組vlp蛋白的黏附能力用細(xì)胞裂解液裂解PK細(xì)胞,制備PK細(xì)胞全蛋白;利用碧云天細(xì)胞膜蛋白與細(xì)胞漿蛋白抽提試劑盒制備PK細(xì)胞膜蛋白。用BCA法測定蛋白濃度,分別用細(xì)胞全蛋白及膜蛋白包被微孔板進(jìn)行檢測。
用碳酸鹽緩沖液(0.05 mol;pH9.6)將PK細(xì)胞蛋白稀釋至10 μg/mL,100 μL/孔包被酶標(biāo)板,4 ℃孵育過夜,次日用PBST(pH 7.4)洗4次,每次5 min(以下簡稱洗滌);每孔加入200 μL 5%的BSA于37 ℃封閉1.5 h,洗滌;將vlp蛋白稀釋至100 μg/mL,每孔加入100 μL于37 ℃黏附1 h,洗滌;加入1∶2 000倍稀釋的兔抗硫氧還蛋白多抗,100 μL/孔,于37 ℃孵育1 h,洗滌;加入1∶15 000倍稀釋的辣根過氧化物標(biāo)記的羊抗兔IgG二抗,100 μL/孔,于37 ℃孵育1 h,洗滌;每孔加入TMB顯色液100 μL,避光孵育5 min;每孔加入50 μL 2 mol H2SO4終止液終止,于450~630 nm波長測定OD值。
1.2.5統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析利用SPSS 16.0版本軟件對各組數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行One-Way ANOVA分析,P<0.05判定為差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異。
2結(jié)果
2.1重組表達(dá)質(zhì)粒的構(gòu)建PCR擴增vlp目的基因序列,插入到pET-32a(+)空載體中,構(gòu)建得到pET-32a(+)/vlp重組質(zhì)粒,用以T7啟動子和終止子引物PCR篩選陽性克隆,見圖1。挑選陽性克隆,單克隆后DNA測序,測序結(jié)果正確。制備甘油管保存菌種。

M.DNA分子量標(biāo)準(zhǔn);1-7.vlp基因(A-G)擴增產(chǎn)物M: DNA molecular weight markers; 1-7: Vlp (A-G) PCR products amplified with T7 promoter and T7 terminator primers.圖1 重組表達(dá)質(zhì)粒pET-32a(+)/vlp的鑒定Fig.1 Identification of the recombinant plasmid expressing vlp recombinant proteins
2.2重組蛋白的表達(dá)純化IPTG誘導(dǎo)后重組質(zhì)粒可以在大腸桿菌中有效地表達(dá),收集菌體后,采用鎳柱親和層析純化重組vlp蛋白,結(jié)果見圖2。蒸餾水透析后凍干保存于-20 ℃。

圖2 重組vlp蛋白的純化Fig.2 Purification of the recombinant vlp proteins
2.3間接免疫熒光法檢測重組vlp蛋白的黏附功能利用所有重組vlp蛋白共有的融合伙伴TrxA的抗體進(jìn)行間接免疫熒光檢測,顯微鏡觀察,如圖3所示,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):vlpA、vlpB、vlpC蛋白對PK細(xì)胞的黏附較為明顯;vlpE和vlpG蛋白孵育孔可觀察到散在的熒光點,但密度與vlpA、vlpB、vlpC?。籿lpD及vlpF蛋白孵育孔與陰性對照及空白載體對照蛋白孔相比,無明顯差異。
2.4微孔板黏附試驗定量檢測重組vlp蛋白的黏附能力結(jié)果見圖4。以PK細(xì)胞的全蛋白為包被物時,與不加蛋白的陰性對照組相比,重組蛋白vlpA、vlpB、vlpC、vlpE、vlpG均能明顯黏附細(xì)胞全蛋白(P<0.01);而重組蛋白vlpD及vlpF不能有效的黏附PK細(xì)胞全蛋白(P>0.05)。未插入外源片段的空白pET-32a(+)載體對照蛋白也不黏附細(xì)胞全蛋白(P>0.05)。與載體對照蛋白相比, 重組蛋白vlpA、vlpB、vlpC、vlpE、vlpG黏附差異有統(tǒng)計白組相比較,# 表示差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05),## 表示差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。

A-G.vlpA-vlpG;H.空載體對照蛋白;I.陰性對照A-G: vlpA- vlpG; H: blank vector protein; I: negative control.圖3 蛋白直接黏附法檢測結(jié)果Fig.3 Adherence of vlp to cells surfaces

注:與陰性對照組相比較, * 表示差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05),** 表示差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.01);與空載體對照蛋
Compared with the group of negative control, * indicates statistical significance atP<0.05 level, ** indicates statistical significance atP<0.01 level;Compared with the group of blank vector protein control, # indicates statistical significance atP<0.05 level, ## indicates statistical significance atP<0.01 level.
圖4微孔板黏附試驗測定重組vlp蛋白的黏附功能
Fig.4Identification of adhesion function of vlp protein by the microtiter plate adhesion test
學(xué)意義(P<0.01);而vlpD及vlpF差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。以細(xì)胞膜蛋白為包被物時,檢測結(jié)果與全蛋白類似。由此可見,7種重組vlp蛋白中,除vlpD及vlpF無明顯黏附功能外,其余vlp成員黏附PK細(xì)胞能力明顯。
3討論
支原體是能夠自我復(fù)制的最小的細(xì)菌,通常引發(fā)宿主持續(xù)性的感染,但這種感染通常不引起致命性的損傷,從而實現(xiàn)其在宿主體內(nèi)的長期寄生。目前研究者大多數(shù)認(rèn)為支原體一般不通過直接的毒力因子致病,而是通過長期持續(xù)性感染引發(fā)機體慢性炎癥應(yīng)答而導(dǎo)致病變的發(fā)生。幾乎所有的人和動物支原體都是通過最初的黏附宿主細(xì)胞從而實現(xiàn)后續(xù)的體內(nèi)增殖和感染。因此黏附因子在支原體感染致病的過程中起著極為重要的作用,但到目前為止豬鼻支原體的黏附因子尚不清楚,這嚴(yán)重阻礙了其致病機制的深入研究。
Vlp家族是豬鼻支原體重要的表面蛋白,除介導(dǎo)支原體免疫原性的高頻相變外,可能還具有其他功能。在一些其他支原體中表面可變蛋白被報道可以介導(dǎo)支原體黏附細(xì)胞,如牛支原體的Vsps[19], 雞毒支原體的pMGA[14], 滑液囊支原體的VlhA[20], 人型支原體的vaa[21]等。本研究從豬鼻支原體中擴增了7種vlp成員的基因,構(gòu)建重組蛋白,嘗試檢測重組vlp蛋白體外黏附豬PK細(xì)胞的能力。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)其中5種重組vlp蛋白(vlpA、vlpB、vlpC、vlpE、vlpG)可黏附細(xì)胞。
在本研究中采用了2種試驗來檢測黏附功能,一是細(xì)胞鋪細(xì)胞板后加入蛋白孵育,然后用間接免疫熒光方法檢測;二是提取細(xì)胞蛋白包被微孔板,隨后用ELISA方法檢測。從檢測結(jié)果上看定性結(jié)論一致,即除vlpD及vlpF外,其余5種重組vlp蛋白具有一定的黏附PK細(xì)胞能力。但從黏附能力強弱上看,間接免疫熒光檢測結(jié)果顯示vlpA、vlpB、vlpC蛋白黏附能力較強,vlpE和vlpG蛋白較弱;而微孔板檢測結(jié)果顯示vlpA和vlpG蛋白黏附孔OD值稍高,vlpB、vlpC、vlpE蛋白黏附孔OD值稍低。從檢測方法本身分析,間接免疫熒光法定量效果較差,熒光強度受較多因素影響,而微孔板法可以準(zhǔn)確量化,重現(xiàn)性也相對較好。但間接免疫熒光法中利用的是生長在細(xì)胞板中的完整細(xì)胞,與自然感染黏附情況較接近,而微孔板法利用的是提取的蛋白包被ELISA板,兩者細(xì)胞表面結(jié)合受體的呈現(xiàn)狀態(tài)可能存在差異,導(dǎo)致結(jié)合力上產(chǎn)生一定差異。
在試驗過程中我們發(fā)現(xiàn)表達(dá)出來的重組vlp蛋白分子量大于理論分子量,如重組vlpA理論分子量為29 833.92 Da,而在電泳圖上的條帶分子量在35~50 kDa之間。其分子量比理論值偏大的現(xiàn)象在支原體脂蛋白上有多次報道[22-25],其中包括豬鼻支原體vlp蛋白[11,26]。該現(xiàn)象已被認(rèn)為是支原體脂蛋白的特征之一,其原因不明,可能與特殊的氨基酸殘基組成有關(guān)[26]。
本研究中結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)重組vlpD和vlpF蛋白不能有效粘附PK細(xì)胞,但此結(jié)果可能不能涵蓋全部的情況。vlp家族蛋白在結(jié)構(gòu)上由3個部分組成,Ⅰ區(qū)為保守的信號肽;Ⅱ區(qū)為相對保守的過渡區(qū);Ⅲ區(qū)為重復(fù)片段區(qū),由12~13個氨基酸的短肽片段重復(fù)串聯(lián)而成,符合可變數(shù)目串聯(lián)重復(fù)序列(variable number of tandem repeats,VNTRs)的特征。在不同的豬鼻支原體菌種及同一菌株的不同代次之間vlpⅢ區(qū)的重復(fù)次數(shù)存在差異。通常VNTRs重復(fù)次數(shù)的變化會影響到分子的相應(yīng)功能[23,27]。本研究中所構(gòu)建的重組vlp蛋白為特定重復(fù)次數(shù)的vlp,無法涵蓋所有變化的可能性,因此當(dāng)Ⅲ區(qū)重復(fù)次數(shù)發(fā)生變化時vlpD和vlpF的黏附細(xì)胞能力也存在變化的可能性。關(guān)于各種vlp成員的黏附能力強弱、具體黏附表位、以及Ⅲ區(qū)重復(fù)次數(shù)對黏附能力的影響還需更多的試驗來深入研究。
本研究通過基因工程技術(shù)構(gòu)建了豬鼻支原體vlp家族全部7個成員的重組蛋白,利用間接免疫熒光及微孔板黏附定量試驗檢測了vlp各成員對PK細(xì)胞的黏附能力,首次證明了vlp為豬鼻支原體的黏附因子,為豬鼻支原體致病機制的深入研究提供了關(guān)鍵數(shù)據(jù)。
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DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-2694.2016.04.005
通訊作者:熊祺琰,Email:qiyanxiongnj@163.com
中圖分類號:R375
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A
文章編號:1002-2694(2016)04-0338-06
Corresponding authors: Xiong Qi-yan, Email: qiyanxiongnj@163.com
收稿日期:2015-09-28修回日期:2015-12-14
Construction and expression of variable lipoprotein family ofMycoplasmahyorhinisand its function in the adherence to the cell
JI Yan1,2, XIONG Qi-yan1, WANG Jia1, ZHANG Bi-xiong1, NI Bo1, MA Qing-hong1,FENG Zhi-xin1, LIU Mao-jun1, SHAO Guo-qing1
(1.InstituteofVeterinaryMedicine,JiangsuAcademyofAgriculturalSciences/KeyLaboratoryofVeterinaryBiologicalEngineeringandTechnology,MinistryofAgriculture/NationalCenterforEngineeringResearchofVeterinaryBio-products,Nanjing210014,China;2.TheSpiritJinYuBiologicalPharmaceuticalCo.,Ltd,Hohhot010030,China)
Abstract:Mycoplasma hyorhinis (M. hyorhinis) is a zoonotic pathogen, which is highly prevalent in pig farms, causing a variety of chronic inflammations, and is also related to various human cancers. However, the adhesion molecules and pathogenic mechanism of M.hyorhinis are not clear yet. In this study, we performed several experiments to identify the function of the variable lipoprotein (Vlp) family in the adherence to the host cell. According to the gene sequences of the vlp family, seven genes of Vlp had been cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pET-32a(+). The recombinant Vlp (rVlp) proteins were induced by IPTG, expressed in E.coli, and purified by affinity chromatography. The adhesion of Vlp to host cell was identified by indirect immunofluorescence assay and the microtiter plate adherence assay. Result showed that seven kinds of recombinant expression plasmid pET-32a (+) /vlp were constructed successfully, and the purified rVlp proteins were obtained. The results of adherence assays showed that the purified vlpA, vlpB, vlpC, vlpE and vlpG proteins were able to bind to PK cell, while the adhesion ability of the purified vlpD and vlpF proteins were not obvious. This study successfully constructed seven kinds of rVlp proteins, and the data indicated that some of Vlp was the adhesins of M.hyorhinis.
Keywords:Mycoplasma hyorhinis; variable lipoprotein; cell adhesion
國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(No.31300155)、江蘇省自然科學(xué)基金項目(No.BK20130702);江蘇省農(nóng)業(yè)科技自主創(chuàng)新資金項目(No.cx(14)5039)聯(lián)合資助