馬松林,張姮,廖宇圣,徐丹,吳杰
(華中科技大學同濟醫學院附屬武漢市中心醫院,武漢430014)
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Wnt3a對結腸癌SW480細胞增殖的影響及作用機制
馬松林,張姮,廖宇圣,徐丹,吳杰
(華中科技大學同濟醫學院附屬武漢市中心醫院,武漢430014)
目的 探討Wnt3a對結腸癌SW480細胞增殖的調控效應及其作用機制。方法 將培養好的結腸癌細胞SW480隨機分為對照組和Wnt3a組,對照組僅給予DMEM培養基處理,Wnt3a組給予100 ng/mL Wnt3a培養。用MTT法檢測細胞增殖情況,計算相對活細胞百分比;用平板克隆形成實驗檢測細胞克隆形成率(PE);用流式細胞術檢測細胞周期分布;用Western blotting法檢測細胞內醛脫氫酶1B1(ALDH1B1)蛋白表達,RT-PCR技術檢測ALDH1B1 mRNA表達。結果 Wnt3a誘導24、48、72 h,Wnt3a組相對活細胞百分比高于對照組(P均<0.05)。Wnt3a誘導7 d,Wnt3a組PE高于對照組(P<0.05)。Wnt3a誘導24 h,Wnt3a組G1期細胞百分比低于對照組,G2期細胞百分比高于對照組(P均<0.05)。Wnt3a誘導48 h,Wnt3a組ALDH1B1蛋白、mRNA相對表達量高于對照組(P均<0.05)。結論 Wnt3a可能通過誘導ALDH1B1高表達促進結腸癌SW480細胞增殖。
結腸腫瘤;SW480細胞;Wnt3a;醛脫氫酶1B1;細胞增殖
結腸癌是最常見的惡性腫瘤之一。據調查,2014年美國有結腸癌新增病例136 830例,因結腸癌死亡50 310例[1]。結腸癌的發病與幾種致瘤信號通路的異常激活密切相關。其中,Wnt/β-catenin信號通路被認為是結腸癌發病的重要原因之一[2]。Wnt/β-catenin信號的異常激活引導結腸正常細胞向癌細胞轉變、促進結腸癌細胞向結腸基底細胞侵襲[2~4]。Wnt3a是Wnt信號蛋白的重要成員。研究表明,Wnt3a能促進結腸癌腫瘤組織血管形成[5,6],然而其對結腸癌細胞的增殖調控效應及其作用機制目前依然未知。2015年1月~2016年1月,本研究就Wnt3a對結腸癌細胞SW480增殖的調控作用及其分子機制進行了探討。
1.1 材料 DMEM培養基、胎牛血清(FBS)、胰蛋白酶(購自美國Hyclone公司),TRIzol(美國Invitrogen公司),醛脫氫酶1B1抗體(anti-ALDH1B1)和anti-GAPDH(美國Santa Cruz公司),HRP標記的二抗(英國Abcam公司),人類結腸癌細胞SW480(美國ATCC細胞庫)。
1.2 細胞培養及分組 結腸癌SW480細胞均采用DMEM培養基(添加10% FBS以及抗生素)于37 ℃、5%二氧化碳、飽和濕度的恒溫細胞培養箱中培養。2~3 d傳代1次,將處于對數生長期的細胞經消化分散后計數,制成細胞懸液。將SW480細胞隨機分為對照組和Wnt3a組。對照組僅給予DMEM培養基處理,Wnt3a組給予100 ng/mL Wnt3a培養24 h。
1.3 細胞增殖情況檢測 采用MTT法。Wnt3a誘導24、48、72 h,分別取SW480細胞按每孔10 000個接種于12孔板中,培養24 h 后添加5 mg/mL的MTT溶液40 μL,孵育4 h 后每孔加DMSO 200 μL。用酶標儀于波長490 nm處測吸光度值。計算相對活細胞百分比,相對活細胞百分比=實驗組吸光度值/對照組吸光度值×100%。
1.4 細胞克隆形成率(PE)檢測 采用平板克隆形成實驗。Wnt3a誘導24 h,將細胞接種于12孔板中,每孔接種600個細胞。繼續培養8 d,先去除培養液,用PBS清洗3遍,甲醇固定20 min,1%亞甲基藍染色40 min,去離子水清洗兩遍,晾干。顯微鏡下計數不少于50個細胞的克隆數,計算PE。PE=克隆數/接種細胞數×100%。
1.5 細胞周期檢測 采用流式細胞術。Wnt3a誘導24 h,取細胞用PBS洗滌兩遍,用70%乙醇固定,4 ℃保存過夜。PBS清洗1次,將細胞調整為1×106/mL,加入碘化丙啶染色液,染色30 min。采用流式細胞術檢測細胞周期,計算各周期細胞百分比。
1.6 細胞內ALDH1B1表達檢測 ①采用Western blotting法檢測細胞內ALDH1B1蛋白表達。Wnt3a誘導48 h,根據文獻[7]進行操作,使用anti-ALDH1B1一抗及anti-GAPDH一抗,濃度為1∶200,二抗濃度為1∶1 000。用Quantity One 1-D分析軟件對蛋白質印跡條帶進行分析。目的蛋白相對表達量=目的蛋白灰度值/內參蛋白灰度值。②采用RT-PCR技術檢測細胞內ALDH1B1 mRNA表達。Wnt3a誘導48 h,按照TRIzol reagent說明書提取細胞總RNA,將所得的RNA使用ImPron-Ⅱ逆轉錄系統(Roche,USA)逆轉錄。使用SYBR Green PCR master mix試劑在ABI 7500 RT-PCR儀中進行RT-PCR。ALDH1B1 正向引物:5′-CCCATTCTGAACCCAGACATC-3′;反向引物:5′-AATGACCTCCCCGGTGGTA-3′;β-actin正向引物:5′-TGGCACCCAGCACAATGAA-3′;反向引物:3′-CTAAGTCATAGTCC- GCCTAGAAGCA-5′。反應條件:95 ℃ 5 min, 94 ℃變性30 s,60 ℃退火30 s,共進行40個循環。采用2-ΔΔCt法計算目的基因相對表達量。

2.1 兩組細胞增殖情況比較 Wnt3a誘導24、48、72 h,Wnt3a組相對活細胞百分比分別為(240.63±27.34)%、(340.43±37.04)%、(410.23±45.21)%,對照組分別為(188.46±16.67)%、(236.75±26.68)%、(286.42±26.53)%;兩組各時間點活細胞百分比比較差異有統計學意義(P均<0.05)。
2.2 兩組PE比較 Wnt3a誘導7 d,Wnt3a組PE為(69.53±3.28)%,對照組為(27.36±2.57)%,兩組PE比較差異有統計學意義(P<0.05)。
2.3 兩組細胞周期分布情況比較 Wnt3a誘導24 h,Wnt3a組G1、G2期細胞百分比分別為(33.7±3.6)%、(21.2±2.5)%,對照組分別為(48.3±4.8)%、(10.8±1.4)%;兩組細胞周期分布比較差異有統計學意義(P均<0.05)。
2.4 兩組ALDH1B1表達比較 Wnt3a 誘導48 h,Wnt3a組ALDH1B1蛋白相對表達量為1.95±0.18,mRNA相對表達量為13.75±1.82,對照組分別為0.48±0.04、1.00±0.00;兩組ALDH1B1蛋白、mRNA相對表達量比較差異有統計學意義(P均<0.05)。
近年來,對結腸癌分子機制的研究已經取得了顯著進展。然而,目前為止,結腸癌依然是高度致死性的癌癥之一[1]。研究表明,在結腸癌的發病過程中,Wnt/β-catenin信號通路出現異常,包括c-Myc和CyclinD1等在內Wnt/β-catenin信號依賴性分子轉錄失調,被認為是導致結腸癌發生的重要原因[5]。有催化活性的ALDH已被認定為多種腫瘤和腫瘤干細胞的生物標志物[5,6]。研究表明,在正常人類結腸,ALDH1B1僅在隱窩基底部及干細胞中表達。然而,該蛋白也在人結腸腺癌中高度表達[6,7]。有研究結果表明,ALDH1B1在結腸癌細胞的基因表達譜與Wnt/β-catenin信號活性具有某種同步性,因此,ALDH1B1被認為是結腸癌發生的原因之一[8]。Wnt3a是Wnt信號蛋白的重要成員,能促進結腸癌腫瘤組織血管形成[3]。然而,Wnt3a與ALDH1B1的相互作用依然未知。本研究著重探討了Wnt3a對結腸癌細胞SW480的細胞增殖調控作用并進一步探討了Wnt3a對ALDH1B1的基因表達調控效應。
ALDH1B1的生物學功能是通過代謝視黃醛而產生視黃酸(RA)[9]。RA作為一種維生素A類衍生物,是細胞增殖發育的必需成分[10]。RA能結合細胞視黃酸結合蛋白(CARBPⅡ)和脂肪酸結合蛋白5(FABP5)[11]。RA誘導CARBPⅡ和FABP5介導的視黃酸受體(RAR)或PPARβ/δ激活[12]。RAR的激活能刺激細胞分化,并抑制細胞增殖[13]。然而,PPARβ/δ的激活對PI3K/Akt介導的腫瘤生長有促進效應[14]。FABP5在結腸癌細胞中高表達,因此,推測RA能通過誘導FABP5激活PPARβ/δ從而促進細胞增殖、抗凋亡及促進腫瘤生長[15,16]。根據本研究的結果發現,Wnt3a促進ALDH1B1的基因表達,后者又可能通過激活PPARβ/δ,進而最終促進PI3K/Akt介導的腫瘤生長。
本研究利用Wnt3a蛋白誘導結腸癌細胞SW480,通過MTT活細胞計數、克隆形成實驗及細胞周期分析發現,Wnt3a能顯著促進SW480細胞生長、克隆形成及促使SW480細胞進入G2期。同時發現,Wnt3a能上調SW480細胞內ALDH1B1表達。ALDH1B1是一種重要的結腸癌細胞增殖促進因子[6],Wnt3a通過促進ALDH1B1的表達,從而促進結腸癌細胞的增殖。
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Effect of Wnt3a on cell proliferation of colon cancer and its mechanism
MASonglin,ZHANGHeng,LIAOYusheng,XUDan,WUJie
(WuhanCentralHospitalAffiliatedtoHuazhongUniversityofScienceandTechnology,Wuhan430014,China)
Objective To investigate the potential role of Wnt3a in the regulation of colon cancer cell proliferation and its regulatory mechanism. Methods Colon carcinoma cell line SW480 was randomly divided into two groups, the control group treated with DMEM, and the Wnt3a group treated with 100 ng/mL Wnt3a. The proliferation ability was measured by MTT. The relative percentage of living cells was also counted. Cell clone formation rate (PE) was measured by plate clone formation assay. Cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. RT-PCR was used to measure the expression level of ALDH1B1 mRNA. The expression level of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)1B1 protein was measured by Western blotting. Results After 24, 48 and 72 h of induction by Wnt3a, the relative percentage of living cells in the Wnt3a group was significantly higher than that of the control group (allP<0.05). After 7 d of induction by Wnt3a, the PE of the Wnt3a group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The cell percentage of G1phase in the Wnt3a group was significantly lower, and the cell percentage of G2phase was significantly higher than that of the control group after 24-hour treatment of Wnt3a (allP<0.05). After 48-hour treatment with Wnt3a, the expression level of ALDH1B1 protein and mRNA in the Wnt3a group was significantly higher than that of the control group (allP<0.05).Conclusion Wnt3a promotes colon cancer cell proliferation by inducing the high expression of ALDH1B1.
colonic neoplasms; SW480 cells; Wnt3a; aldehyde dehydrogenase1B1; cell proliferation
馬松林(1979-),男,主治醫師,碩士,主要研究方向為消化道腫瘤。E-mail:msl1002@126.com
簡介:吳杰(1958-),男,主任醫師,碩士生導師,主要研究方向為消化道腫瘤。E-mail:47343977@qq.com
10.3969/j.issn.1002-266X.2016.37.006
R735.35
A
1002-266X(2016)37-0018-03
2016-03-12)